Kirenius: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

== Riwayat ==

 

Tahun tahun [[6 SM|6 sampai]] [[4 SM]], Kirenius ditugaskan mengurus militer Romawi di Siria, yang wilayahnya meliputi Yudea.<ref name="Asimov"/> Dalam masa inilah diperkirakan [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]] lahir, menurut catatan [[Injil Lukas]].<ref name="Asimov"/>

Sekitar tahun [[5 SM|5 sampai]] [[3 SM]], entah sebagai ''legate'' Galatia atau hanya seorang jenderal, ia memimpin tentara mengalahkan suku Homonadenses, di daerah pegunungan [[Galatia]] dan [[Cilicia]], dengan cara mengurangi benteng-benteng mereka dan membuat mereka kelaparan.<ref>Erich S. Gruen, 'The Expansion of the Empire under Augustus' in ''The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume X: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC - AD 69'', (Cambridge University Press, 1996) pages 153-154; see also [[Ronald Syme]], ''[[The Roman Revolution]]'', (Oxford University Press, 1939, reissued 2002), page 399. Justin K. Hardin, ''Galatians and the Imperial Cult'', (Mohr Siebeck, 2008) page 56, suggests that it is uncertain whether Quirinius actually served as legate; he may have served only as a military general.</ref> Atas kemenangan ini, dia diberi penghargaan ''Roman triumph''.<ref>Justin K. Hardin, ''Galatians and the Imperial Cult'', (Mohr Siebeck, 2008) page 56.</ref>

 

 

Setelah ethnarch [[Arkhelaus|Herodes Arkhelaus]] dicopot jabatannya tahun 6 M, [[Provinsi Iudaea]] (gabungan wilayah [[Samaria]], [[Yudea]] dan [[Idumea]]) ada di bawah pemerintahan langsung Romawi dengan [[Coponius]] sebagai [[prefek]]; saat itu Kirenius ditunjuk menjadi ''legatus'' wilayah Siria, dengan instruksi menilai provinsi Iudaea untuk urusan pajak.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hayes|first1=John Haralson|last2=Mandell|first2=Sara R.|title=The Jewish people in classical antiquity: from Alexander to Bar Kochba|url=http://books.google.com/?id=er1Ls6bSQNMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q|accessdate=June 13, 2010|year=1998|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|location=Louisville, Kentucky|isbn=9780664257279|pages=[http://%5Bhttp://books.google.com/books?id=er1Ls6bSQNMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false 153]-154|chapter=Chapter 3: The Herodian Period.|quote=Thus in 6 or 7 AD, Augustus commissioned the newly appointed Legate of Syria, Quirinius, to carry out the census}}</ref> Salah satu tugas pertamanya adalah mengadakan sensus.<ref>Erich S. Gruen, 'The Expansion of the Empire under Augustus' in ''The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume X: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC - AD 69'', (Cambridge University Press, 1996) pages 157</ref> Sensus ini hampir menyebabkan pemberontakan besar, namun dicegah oleh [[Imam Besar Yahudi]] saat itu, Joazar.<ref>[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=9&letter=Q&search=Quirinius Jewish Encyclopedia: QUIRINIUS, P. SULPICIUS]: "The assessment caused great dissatisfaction among the Jews (ib.), and open revolt was prevented only by the efforts of the high priest Joazar (ib. 2, § 1). The levying of this assessment resulted, moreover, in the revolt of Judas the Galilean and in the formation of the party of the Zealots (Josephus, "B. J." vii. 8, § 1; Lucas, in Acts v. 37). Josephus mentions the assessment in another passage also ("Ant." xx. 5, § 2)."</ref> Hanya terjadi kerusuhan yang dipimpin oleh [[Yudas dari Galilea]] dan pembentukan gerakan [[Zelot]], menurut catatan [[Yosefus]].<ref>H.H. Ben-Sasson, A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN 0-674-39731-2, page 274: "Josephus connects the beginnings of the extremist movement [called the Zealots by Josephus] with the census held under the supervision of Quirinius, the legate of Syria, soon after Judea had been converted into a Roman province (6 AD)."</ref>