Pembacaan Taurat: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Pembacaan Taurat''' ({{lang-he|קריאת התורה}}, ''q'riat Ha-Torah''; {{lang-en|Torah reading}}) adalah suatu ritual agamawi dalam [[Yudaisme]] yang menyangkut pembacaan sejumlah bagian bacaan dari [[Sefer Torah|Gulungan Kitab Taurat (''Sefer Torah'')]] di depan umum. Istilah ini sering merujuk kepada keseluruhan upacara mulai dari pengambilan Gulungan Taurat dari tempat penyimpanannya ("Tabut Kudus"), pembacaan dengan nyanyian ([[kantilasi]]) sampai pengembalian gulungan ke tempat penyimpanan.

 

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As a part of the morning or afternoon prayer services on certain days of the week or holidays, a section of the [[Pentateuch]] is read from a Torah scroll. On [[Shabbat]] (Saturday) mornings, a weekly section (known as a ''Sedra'' or ''[[Weekly Torah portion|parashah]]'') is read, selected so that the entire Pentateuch is read consecutively each year.<ref>The division of ''parashot'' found in the modern-day Torah scrolls of all Jewish communities (Ashkenazi, Sefardim, dan Yamani) is based on the systematic list provided by Maimonides in [[Mishneh Torah]], ''Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls'', chapter 8. Maimonides based his division of the ''parashot'' for the Torah on the [[Aleppo Codex]]. Though initially doubted by [[Umberto Cassuto]], this has become the established position in modern scholarship (see the [[Aleppo Codex]] article for more information.)</ref><ref>[[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]] and [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] synagogues may read ''parashot'' on a triennial rather than annual schedule.</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.uscj.org/The_Authentic_Trienn7085.html | publisher = USCJ | title = The Authentic Trienn.}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://urj.org/worship/letuslearn/s7bechol/ | publisher = URJ | series = Worship | title = Let us learn | contribution = Bechol}}.</ref> On Saturday afternoons, Mondays, and Thursdays, the beginning of the following Saturday's portion is read. On [[Jewish holiday]]s, [[Rosh Chodesh]], and [[ta'anit|fast days]], [[Yom Tov Torah readings|special sections]] connected to the day are read.

 

== Prosedur ==

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The term "Torah reading" is often used to refer to the entire ceremony of taking the [[Torah scroll]] (or scrolls) out of its ark, reading excerpts from the Torah with a [[cantillation|special tune]], and putting the scroll(s) back in the Ark.

The Torah scroll is stored in an ornamental cabinet, called a(n) [[Aron kodesh|(Holy) Ark]] (Hebrew: ''Aron (Kodesh)''), designed specifically for Torah scrolls. The Holy Ark is usually found in the front of the sanctuary, and is a central element of synagogue architecture. When needed for reading, the Torah is removed from the ark by someone chosen for the honor from among the [[Minyan|congregants]]; specific prayers are recited as it is removed. The Torah is then carried by [[Hazzan|the one leading the services]] to the ''[[bimah]]'' — a platform or table from which it will be read; further prayers are recited by the congregation while this is done.

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===Aliyot===<!-- This section is linked from [[Sukkot]] -->

These ''aliyot'' are followed by half-[[kaddish]]. When the Torah is read in the afternoon, ''kaddish'' is not recited at this point, but rather after the Torah has been returned to the Ark.

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Setelah pembacaan, jika Taurat tidak ditempatkan dalam kotak kayu, maka ''Golel'' ("penggulung") melakukan ''Gelila'' ("menggulung menutup"), dan mengikat gulungan itu dengan suatu tali ''sash'' dan mengembalikan tutup Taurat. Kehormatan ini seringkali diberikan kepada seorang anak kecil yang belum mencapai usia [[Bar Mitzva]].

 

Pada hari-hari jika dilakukan pembacaan ''haftarah'', ada suatu bacaan (''aliyah'') terakhir setelah [[kaddish]], yang disebut ''[[maftir]]''. Orang yang dipanggil untuk membaca ''aliyah'' tersebut juga disebut "''maftir''". Pada hari-hari raya, ''maftir'' dibaca dari ayat-ayat Taurat yang menggambarkan korban-korban yang dibawa ke [[Bait Suci (Yerusalem)|Bait Suci]] pada hari raya tersebut. Dalam sinagoga progresif dilakukan pembacaan alternatif. Pada hari Sabtu, maftir adalah pengulangan dari beberapa ayat terakhir suatu [[parsyah]].

 

Jika Taurat dibacakan pada hari puasa siang (dan pada hari Yom Kippur siang), ''aliyah'' ketiga dianggap sebagai maftir, dan diikuti langsung oleh pembacaan ''haftarah''.

 

{{Main|Haftarah}}

 

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== Lihat pula ==

* [[Bacaan Taurat Mingguan]]

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=== Agama lain ===

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{{Reflist}}

 

== Pranala luar ==

 

== Pustaka tambahan ==

 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Torah Reading}}