Edward Gibbon: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Edward Gibbon''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|ɪ|b|ən}}; 8 Mei 1737<ref>[[Gaya Lama|O.S.]] 27 April</ref>{{spaced ndash}}16 Januari 1794)<ref>Hari kelahiran Gibbon adalah 27 April 1737 dari kalender Julian; Inggris mengadopsi kalender Gregorian pada 1752, dan setelah itu, hari kelahiran Gibbon dirayakan pada 8 Mei 1737</ref> adalah seorang sejarawan, penulis dan Anggota Parlemen Inggris. Karya paling berpengaruhnya, ''[[Sejarah Kemunduran dan Keruntuhan Kekaisaran Romawi]]'', yang diterbitkan dalam enam volume antara 1776 dan 1788 dan dikenal karena kualitas dan ironi prosanya, penggunaan sumber-sumber primer, dan kritik terbukanya terhadap agama terorganisir.<ref>The most recent and also the first critical edition, in three volumes, is that of David Womersley. For commentary on Gibbon's irony and insistence on primary sources whenever available, see Womersley, "Introduction". While the larger part of Gibbon's caustic view of Christianity is declared within the text of chapters XV and XVI, Gibbon rarely neglects to note its baleful influence throughout the remaining volumes of the ''Decline and Fall''.</ref>

 

Edward Gibbon lahir pada 1737, sebagai putra dari Edward dan Judith Gibbon di Lime Grove, kota [[Putney]], [[Surrey]]. Ia memiliki enam saudara: lima saudara dan satu saudari, yang semunya meninggal saat bayi. Kakeknya, yang juga bernama Edward, kehilangan seluruh asetnya sebagai hasil dari runtuhnya pasar saham [[South Sea Company|South Sea Bubble]] pada 1720, namun kemudian kembali meraih kekayaan, sehingga ayah Gibbon mewarisi sebuah estate substansial.<ref>D. M. Low, ''Edward Gibbon. 1737–1794'' (London: Chatto & Windus, 1937), p. 7.</ref>

 

Sebagian besar artikel ini, termasuk kutipan, diadaptasi dari entri Stephen tentang Edward Gibbon dalam ''Kamus Biografi Nasional''.<ref>Teks asli: {{cite DNB|wstitle=Gibbon, Edward}}</ref>

 

{{Reflist|30em}}

* Beer, G. R. de. "The Malady of Edward Gibbon, F.R.S." ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' 7:1 (December 1949), 71–80.

* Craddock, Patricia B. ''Edward Gibbon, Luminous Historian 1772–1794''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. HB: ISBN 0-8018-3720-0. Biography.

* Dickinson, H.T . "The Politics of Edward Gibbon". ''Literature and History'' 8:4 (1978), 175–196.

* Norton, J. E. ''A Bibliography of the Works of Edward Gibbon''. New York: Burt Franklin Co., 1940, repr. 1970.

* Norton, J .E. ''The Letters of Edward Gibbon''. 3 vols. London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1956.

* Pocock, J. G. A. "Classical and Civil History: The Transformation of Humanism". ''Cromohs'' 1 (1996). Online at the [http://www.unifi.it/riviste/cromohs/1_96/pocock.html Università degli Studi di Firenze]. Retrieved 20 November 2009.

* Pocock, J. G. A. "The Ironist". Review of David Womersley's ''The Watchmen of the Holy City''. ''London Review of Books'' 24:22 (14 November 2002). Online at the [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v24/n22/jga-pocock/the-ironist London Review of Books] (subscribers only). Retrieved 20 November 2009.

* Stephen, Sir Leslie, "Gibbon, Edward (1737–1794)". In the ''Dictionary of National Biography'', eds. Sir Leslie Stephen and Sir Sidney Lee. Oxford: 1921, repr. 1963. Vol. 7, 1129–1135.

* Womersley, David, ed. ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. 3 vols. (London and New York: Penguin, 1994).

* Womersley, David. "Introduction," in Womersley, ''Decline and Fall'', vol. 1, xi–cvi.

 

 

* Beer, Gavin de. ''Gibbon and His World''. London: Thames and Hudson, 1968. HB: ISBN 0-670-28981-7.

* Bowersock, G. W., ''et al''. eds. ''Edward Gibbon and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977.

* Craddock, Patricia B. ''Young Edward Gibbon: Gentleman of Letters''. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982. HB: ISBN 0-8018-2714-0. Biography.

* Jordan, David. ''Gibbon and his Roman Empire''. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1971.

* Lewis, Bernard. "Gibbon on Muhammad". ''Daedalus'' 105:3 (Summer 1976), 89–101.

* Low, D. M. ''Edward Gibbon 1737–1794''. London: Chatto and Windus, 1937. Biography.

* White, Jr. Lynn, ed. ''The Transformation of the Roman World: Gibbon's Problem after Two Centuries''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. HB: ISBN 0-520-01334-4.

 

* Berghahn, C.-F., and T. Kinzel, eds., ''Edward Gibbon im deutschen Sprachraum. Bausteine einer Rezeptionsgeschichte''. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 2015.

* Bowersock, G. W. ''Gibbon's Historical Imagination''. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988.

* Levine, Joseph M. "Truth and Method in Gibbon's Historiography," in Levine, ''The Autonomy of History: truth and method from Erasmus to Gibbon'' (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1999).

* McKitterick, R., and R. Quinault, eds. ''Edward Gibbon and Empire''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

* Pocock, J. G. A. ''Barbarism and Religion'', 4 vols.: vol. 1, ''The Enlightenments of Edward Gibbon, 1737–1764'', 1999 [hb: ISBN 0-521-63345-1]; vol. 2, ''Narratives of Civil Government'', 1999 [hb: ISBN 0-521-64002-4]; vol. 3, ''The First Decline and Fall'', 2003 [pb: ISBN 0-521-82445-1]; vol. 4, ''Barbarians, Savages and Empires'', 2005 [pb: ISBN 0-521-72101-6]. all Cambridge Univ. Press.

* Porter, Roy. ''Gibbon: Making History''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989, HB: ISBN 0-312-02728-1.

* Turnbull, Paul. "'Une marionnette infidele': the Fashioning of Edward Gibbon's Reputation as the English Voltaire," in Womersley, Burrow, Pocock, eds. ''Edward Gibbon: bicentenary essays''.

* Womersley, David P. ''The Transformation of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. HB: ISBN 0-521-35036-0.

* Womersley, David P. ''Gibbon and the ‘Watchmen of the Holy City’: The Historian and His Reputation, 1776–1815''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. PB: ISBN 0-19-818733-5.

 

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