Kekristenan di Jepang: Perbedaan antara revisi

Akar kata Jepang untuk {{Nihongo|Kekristenan|キリスト教|Kirisuto-kyō}} berasal dari transkripsi [[katakana]] untuk kata {{Nihongo|Cristo|キリスト|kirisuto}}, yaitu kata [[bahasa Portugis]] untuk "[[Kristus]]", ditambah kata [[:en:Sino-Japanese vocabulary|Tionghoa-Jepang]] untuk {{Nihongo|doktrin|教|kyō|suatu ajaran atau prinsip hidup, dari [[bahasa Mandarin]] ''kæ̀w'' 教}}.<ref>{{cite book|title = Kodansha's ''furigana'' Japanese Dictionary|publisher = Kodansha Inc.|location = Japan|year = 1999}}</ref>

 

Jepang merupakan salah satu negara paling sekuler di dunia menurut [[World Values Survey]]. Meskipun ada sekitar 3 juta orang Kristen di Jepang,<ref>[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90138.htm US State Department 2007 Religious Freedom Report]. State.gov (2007-09-14). Retrieved on 2011-06-15.</ref> kekristenan menyebar di antara banyak afiliasi denominasi. 70% of gereja Jepang mempunyai rata-rata pengunjung kurang dari 30 orang, meskipun jumlah anggota seringkali dua kali lipat angka ini.<ref>[http://www.omf.org/omf/japan/about_japan/country OMF International – Japan, the Land of Contrasts]. Omf.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-15.</ref>

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After Japan was opened to greater foreign interaction in 1853, many Christian clergymen were sent from Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox churches, though proselytism was still banned. After the [[Meiji Restoration]], freedom of religion was introduced in 1871, giving all Christian communities the right to legal existence and preaching. Since World War II the number of Japanese Christians has been slowly increasing.<ref>[http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2298.html Japan Guide on Christianity in Japan]. Japan-guide.com (2002-06-10). Retrieved on 2011-06-15.</ref>

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Sejak pertama kalinya misi Katolik masuk pada abad ke-17, sejumlah pejabat tinggi Jepang masuk Kristen, termasuk [[Dom Justo Takayama]] dan [[Hosokawa Gracia]]. Di antara [[:en:Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan|26 martir Jepang]], [[Paulo Miki]] yang paling terkenal. Orang Katolik mengenangnya sebagai salah satu santo pelindung Jepang.

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{{Nihongo|[[Kenji Goto]]|後藤 健二|Goto Kenji|1967 – 31 January 2015}} was a [[Japanese people|Japanese]] freelance journalist renowned for his firsthand coverage from war-torn countries. Goto had always stressed that he was not a [[war correspondent]]. He had insisted he was instead devoted to telling the story of ordinary people, especially children, one step removed from the war zone.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web |url= http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/01/world/asia/ap-as-japan-islamic-state-goto.html|title= Japan Mourns Goto as Caring and Courageous Reporter|publisher= New York Times|accessdate= 1 February 2015}}</ref> He attempted to rescue a Japanese hostage, [[Haruna Yukawa]] and was kidnapped by [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] (ISIL) militants in Syria in October 2014. On 31 January 2015, ISIL released a video that purportedly showed Goto being beheaded.<ref name="guardian20150131">{{cite web |url= http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/31/isis-video-beheading-japanese-hostage-kenji-goto|title= Isis video purports to show beheading of Japanese hostage Kenji Goto |first= Justin |last= McCurry |date= 31 January 2015|work= [[The Guardian]] |publisher= Guardian News and Media Limited |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 1 February 2015}}</ref>

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Meskipun jumlah orang Kristen kurang dari 1% jumlah penduduk,<ref>{{cite web|title=Christianity's long history in the margins|url= http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/24/reference/christianitys-long-history-in-the-margins/|work=[[The Japan Times]]|date=February 24, 2009|author=Mariko Kato|quote=The Christian community itself counts only those who have been baptized and are currently regular churchgoers — some 1 million people, or less than 1 percent of the population, according to Nobuhisa Yamakita, moderator of the United Church of Christ in Japan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Mission Network News]]|title=Christians use English to reach Japanese youth|date=3 September 2007|url=http://mnnonline.org/article/10318|quote=The population of Japan is less than one-percent Christian}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RB2goIgxF68C&pg=PA62|title=Transactions, transgressions, transformations: American culture in Western Europe and Japan|page=62|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2000|isbn=1-57181-108-7|quote=... followers of the Christian faith constitute only about a half percent of the Japanese population|author=Heide Fehrenbach, Uta G. Poiger}}</ref> ada delapan orang Kristen yang pernah menjabat sebagai [[Perdana Menteri Jepang]].

 

==== Katolik Roma ====

 

==== Protestan ====

 

== Lihat pula ==

{{reflist}}

 

* Ballhatchet, Helen ([[Keio University]]). "[http://www.jstor.org/stable/30234180 Christianity and Gender Relationships in Japan: Case Studies of Marriage and Divorce in Early Meiji Protestant Circles]." ''[[Japanese Journal of Religious Studies]]''. [[Nanzan University]], Vol. 34, No. 1, Christians in Japan (2007), pp. 177-201. Available at [[JSTOR]].

* Germany, Charles H., ed. ''The Response of the Church to Changing Japan''. New York: Friendship Press, 1967.

 

* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Japan}}

* [http://english.pauline.or.jp/history/ History of the Japanese Catholic Church] by the Daughters of St. Paul convent; Tokyo, Japan