Ekonomi Amerika Serikat: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Ekonomi [[Amerika Serikat]]''' (AS) adalah ekonomi terbesar di dunia. [[Produk Domestik Bruto]] (PDB) nominalnya tercatat sebesar $15,8 triliun pada tahun 2012,<ref name="GDP" /> yang merupakan seperempat dari [[daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal)|PDB nominal dunia]].<ref name=IMF_GDP/> PDB berdasarkan [[keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja]] (KKB) Amerika Serikat juga merupakan yang terbesar di dunia dan merupakan seperlima dari [[daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)|PDB KKB dunia]].<ref name=IMF_GDP/> Ekonomi AS merupakan [[ekonomi campuran]]<ref>[http://krakow.usconsulate.gov/conditions_resources.html U.S. Economy and Business – Conditions and Resources]. U.S. Department of State. "The United States is said to have a mixed economy because privately owned businesses and government both play important roles." Accessed: October 24, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://infopedia.usembassy.or.kr/ENG/_f_030401.html (4)Outline of the U.S. Economy – (2)How the U.S. Economy Works]. U.S. Embassy Information Resource Center. "As a result, the American economy is perhaps better described as a "mixed" economy, with government playing an important role along with private enterprise. Although Americans often disagree about exactly where to draw the line between their beliefs in both free enterprise and government management, the mixed economy they have developed has been remarkably successful." Accessed: October 24, 2011.</ref> yang mengalami pertumbuhan PDB yang stabil, memiliki tingkat pengangguran yang sedang, dan tingkat penelitian dan [[penanaman modal]] yang tinggi. Lima rekan dagang utama AS adalah [[Uni Eropa]], [[Kanada]], [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]], [[Meksiko]], dan [[Jepang]].
Amerika Serikat adalah salah satu negara terkaya di dunia yang memiliki [[sumber daya alam]] yang berlimpah, infrastruktur yang maju, dan produktivitas yang tinggi.<ref>Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in ''Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny'', ed. Daniel Lederman and William Maloney (World Bank, 2007), hal. 185. ISBN 0-8213-6545-2.</ref> [[Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB) per kapita|Pendapatan per kapita (KKB)]] merupakan yang tertinggi keenam di dunia.<ref name=IMF_GDP/> AS juga merupakan [[daftar negara menurut produksi minyak bumi|produsen minyak bumi terbesar ketiga]] dan [[daftar negara menurut produksi gas alam|produsen gas alam terbesar kedua]] di dunia. Negara ini juga merupakan negara dagang terbesar kedua setelah [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/feb/11/china-worlds-largest-trading-nation The Guardian - 11 February 2013 - ''China overtakes US in world trade'' - by Phillip Inman]</ref> Pada tahun 2010, Amerika Serikat masih menjadi negara pabrikan terbesar, dengan seperlima hasil pabrikan dunia berasal dari AS.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://shopfloor.org/2011/03/u-s-manufacturing-remains-worlds-largest/18756 | title=U.S. Manufacturing Remains World’s Largest | publisher=Shopfloor | date=March 11, 2011 | accessdate=March 28, 2012 | author=Vargo, Frank}}</ref> Dari 500 perusahaan terbesar di dunia, 132 bermarkas di AS.<ref name="Global 500 2010: Countries">{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/countries/US.html|publisher=CNN|title=Global 500 2010: Countries}}</ref> Selain itu, Amerika Serikat memiliki [[pasar finansial]] terbesar dan paling berpengaruh di dunia. Sekitar 60% cadangan mata uang global diinvestasikan dalam dollar AS, sementara 24% diinvestasikan dalam [[Euro]]. [[Bursa Efek New York]] adalah bursa efek terbesar di dunia berdasarkan [[kapitalisasi pasar]].<ref>http://www.sfc.hk/web/doc/EN/research/stat/a01.pdf</ref> [[Investasi asing langsung]] di Amerika Serikat tercatat sebesar $2,4 triliun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=April 21, 2012}}</ref> Investasi Amerika Serikat di negara lain berjumlah $3,3 triliun.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=April 21, 2012}}</ref> Pasar tenaga kerja juga menarik imigran dari seluruh dunia. Selain itu, berdasarkan [[Indeks Kemudahan Berbisnis]] dan [[Laporan Daya Saing Global]] menempatkan AS sebagai salah satu negara terbaik.<ref>{{Citation| url=http://gcr.weforum.org/gcr/|title = Rankings: Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009| publisher=World Economic Forum|accessdate=October 12, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} Click the link "Rankings" to access the entire list.</ref>
Ekonomi AS saat ini sedang mengalami kesulitan akibat [[krisis keuangan 2007-2008]]. Pada Februari 2013, tingkat pengangguran mencapai 7,7% atau 12,0 juta orang, sementara tingkat pengangguran U-6 yang juga meliputi [[kekurangan pekerjaan]] mencapai 14,3% atau 22,2 juta. Dengan tingginya tingkat pengangguran, berkurangnya pendapatan rumah tangga, dan pemotongan anggaran federal, ekonomi AS masih berusaha [[pulih dari pengangguran]].<ref name=SchwartzJobless>{{cite news|last=Schwartz|first=Nelson|title=Recovery in U.S. Is Lifting Profits, but Not Adding Jobs|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/04/business/economy/corporate-profits-soar-as-worker-income-limps.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=18 March 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=March 3, 2013}}</ref>
Jumlah utang AS tercatat sebesar $50,2 triliun pada akhir kuartal pertama tahun 2010, atau sekitar 3,5 kali PDB.<ref name="1946-2009-debtlevels">{{Citation
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== Catatan kaki ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.researchamerica.org/economic_impact Research!America – Economic Impact of Medical Research in the U.S.]
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html CIA – The World Factbook – United States]
* [http://infousa.state.gov/government/forpolicy/oecon.html Outline of the U.S. Economy]
* [http://www.bea.gov/national/zip/dpga.zip Bureau of Economic Analysis: Selected NIPA tables (Lots of U.S. economic data)]
* [http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/ecalendar/ U.S. Economic Calendar]
* [http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_DP3_geo_id=01000US.html U.S. Census Bureau]
* [http://www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm U.S. Dept of Labor – Bureau of Labor Statistics]
* [http://www.bea.gov/ U.S. Dept of Commerce – Bureau of Economic Analysis]
* [http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/Z1/ FRB: Z.1 Release-- Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, Release Dates]
* [http://www.oecd.org/us/ OECD's United States country Web site] and [http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/us/ OECD Economic Survey of the United States]
* [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/petroleu.html#IntlTrade U.S. Energy Information Administration]
* [http://www.nber.org/ National Bureau of Economic Research] Economics material from the organization that declares recessions and recoveries.
* [http://www.bls.gov Bureau of Labor Statistics]–from the American Labor Department
* [https://bea.gov/ U.S. Department of Commerce Economics Statistics]
* [http://www.heritage.org/Research/Welfare/bg1713.cfm The Heritage Foundation: Understanding Poverty in America]
* [http://www.intelligentguess.com/blog/2007/04/09/usa-relationship-between-gdp-and-savings-rate-quarterly-data-since-1985/ GDP growth viz Savings rate since 1985] Comparing GDP growth rate with the Savings rate since 1985
* [http://www.euroekonom.com/graphs-data.php?type=gdp-growth-usa U.S. Gross Domestic Product Growth]
* [http://www.euroekonom.com/database/graphs2.php?type=unemployment-usa&lang=an&time=0 U.S. Unemployment Rate]
* [http://www.euroekonom.com/database/graphs3.php?type=inflation-usa&lang=an&time=0 U.S. Consumer Price Index]
* [http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/FTBs/FTB-032.html A U.S.–Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Strengthening Democracy and Progress in Latin America]
* [http://www.newsweek.com/id/183718/output/print "Why There Won't Be a Revolution"] by Jerry Adler, ''Newsweek'', February 16, 2009
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