Néstor Kirchner: Perbedaan antara revisi
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==The 2003 presidential election==
Kirchner's electoral promises included "returning to a republic of equals". After the first round of the election, Kirchner visited the president of [[
Although Menem, who was president from 1989 to 1999, won the first round of the election on [[April 27]], [[2003]], he only got 24% of the valid votes — just 2% ahead of Kirchner. This was an empty victory, as Menem had by then a strongly negative image among a large segment of the Argentine population and had virtually no chance of winning the [[runoff election]]. After days of speculation, during which polls forecast a massive victory for Kirchner with about a 30%–40% difference, Menem finally decided to stand down. This automatically made Kirchner president of Argentina. He was sworn in on [[May 25]], [[2003]] to a four-year term of office.
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Kirchner kept the Minister of the Economy of the Duhalde administration, [[Roberto Lavagna]], who piloted Argentina through the unpopular ''corralito'' and the painful devaluation, but Lavagna also declared his first priority now was social problems. Argentina's [[default (finance)|default]] was the largest in financial history, and ironically it gave Kirchner and Lavagna a certain bargaining power with the IMF, which loathes having bad debts in its books. During his first year of office, Kirchner achieved a difficult agreement to reschedule $84,000 million in debts with international organizations, for three years. In the first half of 2005, the government launched a [[Argentine debt restructuring|bond exchange]] to restructure the approximately $81,000 million of private debt (there were an additional $20,000 million in past defaulted interest not recognized). Over 76% of the debt was tendered and restructured for a recovery value of approximately one third of its nominal value.
It is Kirchner's resistance to international financial institutions such as the IMF and his objections to free-markets that has perhaps surprised observers most. He has been encouraged in this regard by such figures as the iconoclastic ex-[[World Bank]] economist [[Joseph Stiglitz]], who opposes the IMF's measures as recessionary and has urged Argentina to take an independent path. In doing so, Kirchner has broken ranks with recent and current Latin American leaders such as Peru's [[Alejandro Toledo]], who maintain a center-right economic policy. In this context, Kirchner can best be seen as part of a spectrum of new Latin American leaders, spanning from [[Hugo Chávez|Chávez]] in [[Venezuela]] to [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula]] in [[
Kirchner saw the [[Elections in Argentina, 2005|2005 parliamentary elections]] as a means to confirm his political power, since Carlos Menem's defection in the second round of the 2003 presidentials did not allow Kirchner to receive the large amount of votes that surveys predicted. Kirchner explicitly stated that the 2005 elections would be a mid-term [[referendum|plebiscite]] for his administration, and actively participated in the campaign in most provinces. This strategy paid off in most cases: among the important districts, Kirchner-backed candidates only lost in Buenos Aires City and in Santa Fe, and his wife Cristina was elected Senator for the province of [[Buenos Aires]] by a very large margin.
On [[15 December]] [[2005]], following [[
== Rujukan ==
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