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Alifonso III dari Aragon
 
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Alifonso III dari Aragon
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = AlfonsoAlifonso III
| image = Jaume Mateu - Alfons III the Liberal - Google Art Project.jpg
| succession = [[KingDaftar ofPenguasa Aragon|Raja Aragon]], [[KingDaftar ofPenguasa Valencia|Valencia]] anddan [[CountDaftar ofComte Barcelona|Comte Barcelona]]
| reign = 1285–1291
| coronation = 2 FebruaryFebruari 1286 (Valencia)<br />9 April 1286 (Zaragoza)
| predecessor = [[PeterPero III ofdari Aragon|PeterPero III]]
| successor = [[JamesChaime II ofdari Aragon|JamesChaime II]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| house = [[House ofWangsa Barcelona]]
| father = [[PeterPero III ofdari Aragon]]
| mother = [[ConstanceCustanza ofdari Sicily, Queen of AragonSisilia|Constance of SicilyCustanza]]
| birth_date = 4 November 1265
| birth_place = [[Valencia]]
| death_date = 18 JuneJuni 1291 (agedusia 26)
| death_place = [[Barcelona]]
| burial_date =
| burial_place = [[Katedral Barcelona Cathedral]]; prev. ConventSebelumnya deBiara San Francisco, Barcelona
| religion = [[CatholicGereja ChurchKatolik Roma|RomanKatolik CatholicismRoma]]
}}
 
'''AlfonsoAlifonso III''' (4 November 1265, indi dalam [[Kingdom ofKerajaan Valencia|Valencia]] &ndash; 18 JuneJuni 1291), calleddisebut '''theyang LiberalBebas''' (''el Liberal'') oratau '''theyang Freeberpandangan luas''' (alsoatau "thesi FrankJujur," fromdari ''el Franc''), was themerupakan [[KingDaftar ofPenguasa Aragon|Raja Aragon]] anddan [[CountDaftar ofComte Barcelona|Comte Barcelona]] (assebagai '''AlfonsAlfonso II''') fromdari tahun 1285. HeIa conquered themenaklukkan [[KingdomKerajaan of MajorcaMallorca]] betweendi antara hissuksesinya successionpada andtahun 1287.
 
HeIa wasmerupakan a son ofputra [[PeterPero III ofdari Aragon]] anddan [[ConstanceCustanza ofdari Sicily, Queen of AragonSisilia|Constance of SicilyCustanza]], daughterputri anddan heiressahli ofwaris [[ManfredManfredi ofdari SicilySisilia]]. HisNeneknya maternaldari grandmotherpihak ibundanya, Beatrice ofdari SavoySavoia wasadalah a daughter ofputri [[AmadeusAmedeo IV ofdari SavoySavoia]] anddan [[Marguerite of Burgundy, Countess ofdari SavoyBourgogne]].
 
==Catatan==
Soon after assuming the throne, he conducted a campaign to reincorporate the [[Balearic Islands]] into the [[Kingdom of Aragon]] - which had been lost due to the division of the kingdom by his grandfather, [[James I of Aragon]]. Thus in 1285 he declared war on his uncle, [[James II of Majorca]], and conquered both Majorca (1285) and Ibiza (1286), effectively reassuming suzerainty over the [[Kingdom of Majorca]]. He followed this with the conquest of [[Minorca]] - until then, an autonomous [[Muslim]] state ([[Manûrqa]]) within the Kingdom of Majorca - on 17 January 1287, the anniversary of which now serves as Minorca's national holiday.
 
He initially sought to maintain Aragonese control over Sicily early in his reign by supporting the claims to the island of his brother, [[James II of Aragon]]. However, he later pressed his brother to retract the claims and instead supported the claim from the [[Papal States]].
 
His reign was marred by a constitutional struggle with the Aragonese nobles, which eventually culminated in the articles of the [[Union of Aragon]] - the so-called "Magna Carta of Aragon", which devolved several key royal powers into the hands of lesser nobles. His inability to resist the demands of his nobles was to leave a heritage of disunity in Aragon and further dissent amongst the nobility, who increasingly saw little reason to respect the throne, and brought the Kingdom of Aragon close to anarchy.
 
During his lifetime a dynastic marriage with [[Eleanor of England (1269-1298)|Eleanor]], daughter of King [[Edward I of England]], was arranged. However Alfonso died before meeting his bride. He died at the age of 26 in 1291, and was buried in the Franciscan convent in Barcelona; since 1852 his remains have been buried in Barcelona Cathedral.
 
[[Dante Alighieri]], in [[the Divine Comedy]], recounts that he saw Alfonso's spirit seated outside the gates of [[Purgatory]] with the other monarchs whom Dante blamed for the chaotic political state of [[Europe]] during the 13th century.
 
==Ancestry==
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|1= 1. '''Alfonso III of Aragon'''
|2= 2. [[Peter III of Aragon]]
|3= 3. [[Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon|Constance of Sicily]]
|4= 4. [[James I of Aragon]]
|5= 5. [[Violant of Hungary]]
|6= 6. [[Manfred of Sicily]]
|7= 7. [[Beatrice of Savoy, Marchioness of Saluzzo|Beatrice of Savoy]]
|8= 8. [[Peter II of Aragon]]
|9= 9. [[Maria of Montpellier]]
|10= 10. [[Andrew II of Hungary]]
|11= 11. [[Yolanda de Courtenay]]
|12= 12. [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|13= 13. [[Bianca Lancia]]
|14= 14. [[Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy]]
|15= 15. [[Marguerite of Burgundy, Countess of Savoy|Marguerite of Burgundy]]
|16= 16. [[Alfonso II of Aragon]]
|17= 17. [[Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon|Sancha of Castile]]
|18= 18. [[William VIII of Montpellier]]
|19= 19. [[Eudokia Komnene]]
|20= 20. [[Béla III of Hungary]]
|21= 21. [[Agnes of Antioch]]
|22= 22. [[Peter II of Courtenay]]
|23= 23. [[Yolanda of Flanders]]
|24= 24. [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|25= 25. [[Constance, Queen of Sicily|Constance of Sicily]]
|26=
|27=
|28= 28. [[Thomas I, Count of Savoy]]
|29= 29. [[Margaret of Geneva]]
|30= 30. [[Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy]]
|31= 31. [[Beatrice of Albon]]
}}</center>
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==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==SourcesSumber==
*Alighieri, Dante, ''Purgatorio'', Canto VII, l. 115ff.
*Nelson, Lynn. ''The Chronicle of San Juan De LA Pena: A Fourteenth-Century Official History of the Crown of Aragon'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991) ISBN 0-8122-1352-1
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