Kösem Sultan: Perbedaan antara revisi

|issue =Şehzade Mehmed<br />Şehzade Selim<br />[[Murad IV]]<br />Şehzade Kasim<br />Şehzade Suleiman<br />[[Ibrahim dari Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah|Ibrahim]]<br />Ayşe Sultan<br />[[Fatma Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I)|Fatma Sultan]]<br />[[Gevherhan Sultan (putri Ahmed I)|Gevherhan Sultan]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Singh, Nagendra Kr|title=International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT |year=2000|pages=423–424|isbn=81-261-0403-1|quote=Through her beauty and intelligence, Kösem Walide was especially attractive to Ahmed I, and drew ahead of more senior wives in the palace. She bore the sultan four sons – Murad, Süleyman, Ibrahim and Kasim – and three daughters – 'Ayşe, Fatma and Djawharkhan. These daughters she subsequently used to consolidate her political influence by strategic marriages to different viziers.}}</ref><br />Hanzade Sultan<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC&pg=PA365&dq=hanzade+sultan&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAWoVChMI876PrcL7yAIVybsUCh3eEwAh#v=onepage&q=hanzade%20sultan&f=false|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=365|first=Leslie P.|last=Peirce|authorlink=Leslie P. Peirce |year=1993|isbn=0195086775}}</ref><br />Burnaz Atike Sultan

'''Kösem Sultan''' ({{IPA-tr|cøˈsem sulˈtan}}) (nama lengkap ''Devletlu İsmetlu Mahpeyker Kösem Valide Sultan Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri''; ''{{circa}}'' 1590 – 2 September 1651) – juga dikenal sebagai '''Mahpeyker Sultan'''<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> ({{IPA-tr|mahpejˈkeɾ sulˈtan}}) – adalah salah satu wanita paling berkuasa dalam [[sejarah Utsmaniyah]].<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195">Douglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0-313-30708-3, p. 195</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Bator, Robert, – Rothero, Chris|title=Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|year= 2000|page= 42|isbn= 0-8225-3217-4|quote=When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Macedonian slave Kösem earned this distinction}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Akbar, M. J.|title=The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|page=89|isbn=0-415-28470-8|quote=His mother, Valide Kosem, said to be the most powerful woman in the history of the dynasty, ruled in his name.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Westheimer, Ruth Karola, – Kaplan, Steven|title= Power|publisher=Madison Books|location= University of Virginia|year= 2001|page=19|isbn=1-56833-230-0 |quote= Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kösem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her time }}</ref> Sebagai permaisuri kesayangan dan istri sah dari [[Sultan Utsmaniyah]] [[Ahmed I]] (r. 1603–1617), ia meraih kekuasaan dan mempengaruhi politik [[Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah]] melalui suaminya, kemudian melalui putra-putranya [[Murad IV]] (r. 1623–1640) dan [[Ibrahim dari Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah|Ibrahim]] (r. 1640–1648), dan terakhir melalui cucu minornya [[Mehmed IV]] (r. 1648–1687). Ia menjadi [[Valide Sultan]]<ref name="Douglas Arthur Howard p 195"/> ketika putra-putranya Murad IV dan Ibrahim menjabat sebagai sultan Utsmaniyah. Ia merupaka figur berpengaruh pada masa [[Kesultanan Wanita]]. Setelah kematiannya, ia dikenal dengan nama "Valide-i Maktule" (ibu yang terbunuh), dan "Valide-i Șehide" (ibu yang menjadi martir).<ref>{{cite book|author=Necdet Sakaoğlu|title=Famous Ottoman women|year=2007|publisher=Avea|page=129|isbn=}}</ref>

Kösem berasal dari [[Yunani]],<ref>{{cite book |author=al-Ayvansarayî, Hafiz Hüseyin ; Crane, Howard |title= The garden of the mosques : Hafiz Hüseyin al-Ayvansarayî's guide to the Muslim monuments of Ottoman Istanbul |publisher=Brill |year= 2000 |page= 21 |isbn= 90-04-11242-1 |quote= Kosem Valide Mahpeyker, known also simply as Kosem Sultan (c. 1589–1651), consort of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Greek by birth, she exercised a decisive influence in the Ottoman state}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9046105/Kosem-Sultan |title=Kosem Sultan (Ottoman sultana) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=11 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen |title= The Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Brill |year= 1954 |page= 597 |isbn= 90-04-07026-5 |quote= Kosem [qv] Mahpeyker, a woman of Greek origin (Anastasia, 1585–1651) }}</ref><ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228">{{cite book |author=Davis, Fanny |title= The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul |publisher=Scribner |year= 1970 |pages=227–228 |oclc=636864790 |quote= Kosem was said to have been the daughter of a Greek priest of one of the Aegean islands, probably captured during one of the Ottoman-Venetian maritime campaigns. Her name was Anastasia but was changed after her conversion, no doubt on her admission to the palace, to Mâh-Peyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet to Kosem }}</ref> sebagai putri dari seorang pendeta di pulau [[Tinos]].<ref name="Hogan, Christine 2006 74">{{cite book |author=Hogan, Christine |title= The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World |publisher=Macmillan Publishers Aus |year= 2006 |page=74 |isbn= <!--1-4050-3701-6, -->9781405037013 |quote= }}</ref><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215">{{cite book |author=Freely, John |title= Istanbul: the imperial city |publisher=Viking |year= 1996 |page= 215 |isbn= 0-14-024461-1 |quote= Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Greek girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sent as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem }}</ref> Nama maiden-nya adalah [[Anastasia]].<ref name="Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan 1993 61">{{cite book |author=Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan |title= Minorities and the destruction of the Ottoman Empire |publisher=Turkish Historical Society Printing House |year= 1993 |page= 61 |isbn= 975-16-0544-X |quote= Many of the women of the harem were non-Muslim, for example Kösem Sultan was born in 1590 as Anastasia. The Governor of Bosnia had sent her to the Sultan. She was the wife of Ahmet I (1603–17), and the mother of Murat IV (1623–40), and of Ibrahim I (1640–8)}}</ref> Ia dijadikan budak di [[Sanjak Bosnia|Bosnia Utsmaniyah]] oleh beylerbey Bosnia,<ref name="Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick 2007 23">{{cite book|author=Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick|title=Women in the Ottoman Balkans: gender, culture and history|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year= 2007|page=23|isbn=1-84511-505-8|quote=Kösem, who was of Greek origin. Orphaned very young, she found herself at the age of fifteen in the harem of Sultan Ahmed I.}}</ref><ref name="Freely, John 1996 215"/> dan dikirim ke [[Konstantinopel]], ibukota Utsmaniyah, pada usia lima belas tahun, ke [[harem]] Sultan Ahmed I setelah membatalkan pendidikannya di Konstantinopel. Setelah ia pindah ke [[Islam]], namanya diubah menjadi ''Mahpeyker'' (Bulan Terbentuk), dan kemudian oleh Sultan Ahmed I menjadi ''Kösem''.<ref name="Davis, Fanny 1970 227–228"/> Ia dipindahkan ke istana lama saat kematian Sultan Ahmed pada 1617, namun dikembalikan sebagai [[Valide Sultan]], ketika putranya [[Murad IV]] naik tahta pada 1623.