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Baris 9: Medan magnetik bumi memantulkan sebagian besar angin matahari, yaitu arus partikel bermuatan dari matahari yang mampu mengionisasi lapisan atmosfer bumi.<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Solar wind hammers the ozone layer \|first=Quirin \|last=Shlermeler \|date=3 March 2005 \|doi=10.1038/news050228-12 \|journal=News@nature \|url=http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050228/full/news050228-12.html}}</ref> Gas-gas yang terkena angin matahari dapat terperangkap dalam gelembung medan magnet yang dapat terbawa arus angin matahari, sebuah proses yang mungkin pernah terjadi di [[planet Mars]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=Solar wind ripping chunks off Mars \|url=http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/2369/solar-wind-ripping-chunks-mars \|work=Cosmos Online \|date=25 November 2008 \|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb\|Luhmann\|Johnson\|Zhang\|1992}}</ref><ref>[http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/plate1.htm Structure of the Earth]. Scign.jpl.nasa.gov. Diakses 2012-01-27.</ref> Studi mengenai medan magnetik bumi pada masa lalu disebut dengan [[Paleomagnetisme]].<ref name="McElhinny2000">{{cite book \|last1=McElhinny \|first1=Michael W. \|last2=McFadden \|first2=Phillip L. \|title=Paleomagnetism: Continents and Oceans \|publisher=Academic Press \|year=2000 \|isbn=0-12-483355-1 \|ref=harv}}</ref> Polaritas dari medan magnetik bumi terekam dalam bebatuan, dan pembalikan medan magnetik bumi terkema di dalam garis-garis yang terbentuk ketika pembentukan bebatuan terjadi. Paleomagnetisme juga dapat menjadi sarana perekaman [[geokronologi]] batuan dan sedimen.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Opdyke \|first1=Neil D. \|last2=Channell \|first2=James E. T. \|title=Magnetic Stratigraphy \|publisher=Academic Press \|year=1996 \|isbn=978-0-12-527470-8 \|ref=harv}}</ref> Medan mangetik bumi juga menyebabkan bebatuan yang mengandung [[bijih tambang]] dari unsur ferromagnetik lebih mudah dicari karena menyebabkan [[anomali magnetik]] bumi.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Mussett \|first1=Alan E. \|last2=Khan \|first2=M. Aftab \|title=Looking into the Earth: An introduction to Geological Geophysics \|year=2000 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|isbn=0-521-78085-3 \|ref=harv}}</ref> Manusia telah menggunakan [[kompas]] yang bergantung pada medan magnetik bumi untuk menentukan arah, sejak abad ke 11 masehi.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Temple \|first=Robert \|title=The Genius of China \|publisher=Andre Deutsch \|year=2006 \|isbn=0-671-62028-2 \|ref=harv}}</ref> Hewan juga diketahui memanfaatkan medan magnetik bumi sebagai sarana untuk bermigrasi.<ref>http://www.antaranews.com/berita/417786/ikan-salem-punya-sistem-gps-untuk-bermigrasi</ref> Variasi medan magnetik bumi diketahui berhubungan dengan variasi curah hujan di negara tropis.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://planetearth.nerc.ac.uk/news/story.aspx?id=296 \|title=Link found between tropical rainfall and Earth's magnetic field \|work=Planet Earth Online \|date=20 January 2009 \|publisher=National Environment Research Council \|accessdate=19 April 2012}}</ref> == Referensi == Baris 19: {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book\|last=Campbell\|first=Wallace H.\|title=Introduction to geomagnetic fields\|year=2003\|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]\|location=New York\|isbn=978-0-521-52953-2\|edition=2nd\|ref=harv}} * {{cite book\|first1=Neil F. \|last1=Comins \|year=2008 \|title=Discovering the Essential Universe \|publisher=[[W. H. Freeman]] \|edition=Fourth \|isbn=978-1-4292-1797-2\|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal \|doi=10.1073/pnas.93.2.646 \|last1=Herndon \|first1=J. M. \|title=Substructure of the inner core of the Earth \|journal=[[PNAS]] \|volume=93 \|issue=2 \|pages=646–648 \|date=1996-01-23 \|pmid=11607625 \|pmc=40105\|bibcode = 1996PNAS...93..646H \|ref=harv }} * {{cite journal \|last1=Hollenbach \|first1=D. F. \|title=Deep-Earth reactor: Nuclear fission, helium, and the geomagnetic field \|journal=[[PNAS]] \|volume=98 \|issue=20 \|date=2001-09-25 \|doi=10.1073/pnas.201393998 \|pmid=11562483 \|pmc=58687\|bibcode = 2001PNAS...9811085H \|last2=Herndon \|first2=J. M. \|pages=11085–90 \|ref=harv }} * {{cite journal \|first1=Jeffrey J. \|last1=Love \|title=Magnetic monitoring of Earth and space \|url=http://geomag.usgs.gov/downloads/publications/pt_love0208.pdf \|journal=[[Physics Today]] \|volume=61 \|issue=2 \|pages=31–37 \|year=2008 \|doi=10.1063/1.2883907\|bibcode = 2008PhT....61b..31H \|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal \|last1=Luhmann \|first1=J. G. \|last2=Johnson \|first2=R. E. \|last3=Zhang \|first3=M. H. G. \|title=Evolutionary impact of sputtering of the Martian atmosphere by O<sup>+</sup> pickup ions \|journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] \|volume=19 \| issue=21 \|pages=2151–2154 \|year=1992\|ref=harv\|bibcode = 1992GeoRL..19.2151L \|doi = 10.1029/92GL02485 }} * {{cite book\|first=Ronald T. \|last=Merrill \|year=2010 \|title=Our Magnetic Earth: The Science of Geomagnetism\|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]\|isbn=0-226-52050-1\|ref=harv}} * {{cite book\|last=Merrill\|first= Ronald T.\|last2=McElhinny\|first2=Michael W.\|last3=McFadden\|first3=Phillip L.\|title=The magnetic field of the earth: paleomagnetism, the core, and the deep mantle\|publisher=[[Academic Press]]\|year=1996\|isbn=978-0-12-491246-5\|ref=harv}} * {{cite web \|url=http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen99/gen99256.htm \|title=Temperature of the Earth's core \|work=NEWTON Ask a Scientist \|year=1999 \|accessdate=September 2011\|ref=harv}} * {{cite book \|last=Tauxe \|first=Lisa \|title=Paleomagnetic Principles and Practice \|publisher=[[Kluwer]] \|year=1998 \|isbn=0-7923-5258-0 \|ref=harv}} * {{cite journal \|first1=J. N. \|last1=Towle \|title=The Anomalous Geomagnetic Variation Field and Geoelectric Structure Associated with the Mesa Butte Fault System, Arizona \|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin \|volume=9 \|pages=221–225 \|year=1984 \|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<221:TAGVFA>2.0.CO;2\|ref=harv \|issue=2\|bibcode = 1984GSAB...95..221T }} * {{cite journal \|first1=James R. \|last1=Wait \|author1-link=James R. Wait \|year=1954 \|title=On the relation between telluric currents and the earth's magnetic field \|journal=Geophysics \|volume=19 \|pages=281–289 \|doi=10.1190/1.1437994\|bibcode = 1954Geop...19..281W \|ref=harv \|issue=2}} * {{cite book \|first1=Martin \|last1=Walt \|author1-link=Martin Walt \|year=1994 \|title=Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation \|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] \|isbn=978-0-521-61611-9\|ref=harv}} {{Refend}}

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