'''Program penyesuaian struktural''' ({{lang-en|Structural adjustment programme}}; '''SAP''') terdiri dari pinjaman yang diberikan oleh [[Dana Moneter Internasional]] (IMF) dan [[Bank Dunia]] (WB) kepada negara-negara yang mengalami krisis ekonomi.<ref name="Lensink 1996">{{cite book|last=Lensink|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Lensink|date=1996|title=Structural adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa|edition=1st|publisher=Longman|isbn=9780582248861|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Os_sAAAAMAAJ&q=lensink+structural+adjustment&dq=lensink+structural+adjustment&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1J6QU4r7JoH27AbY9IDQAg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA}}</ref>
Dua lembaga [[sistem Bretton Woods|Bretton Woods]] mensyaratkan negara peminjam untuk menerapkan kebijakan-kebijakan tertentu supaya bisa mendapatkan pinjaman baru (atau mengurangi bunga pinjaman pertama). Syarat pinjaman ini menuai kritik karena memiliki dampak besar terhadap sektor sosial.<ref name="Lensink 1996"/>
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