Rashi: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox person
| name = Rashi
| image = Rashi woodcut.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Lukisan menggambarkan Rashi dari abad ke-16
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1040|2|22}}
| birth_place = [[Troyes]], [[Perancis]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1105|7|13|1040|2|22}}
| death_place = [[Troyes]], [[Perancis]]
| resting_place = [[Troyes]]
| resting_place_coordinates =
| residence = France
| nationality = French
| other_names =
| known_for = menulis [[komentari|tafsir]] [[Alkitab Ibrani]]
| occupation =
| religion = [[Yudaisme]]
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shlomo Yitzchaki''' ({{lang-he|רבי שלמה יצחקי}}), atau dalam [[bahasa Latin]] '''Salomon Isaacides''', dan sekarang umumnya dikenal dengan [[akronim]] '''Rashi''' ({{lang-he|רש"י}}, '''RA'''bbi '''SH'''lomo '''I'''tzhaki; 22 Februari 1040 – 13 Juli 1105), adalah seorang rabbi Yahudi yang hidup di [[Perancis]] pada [[abad pertengahan]]. Ia sangat dihormati sebagai kontributor utama dari kalangan [[Yahudi]] [[Ashkenazi]] terhadap studi [[Taurat]]. Terkenal sebagai pengarang tafsir atau [[komentari]] komprehensif [[Talmud]], juga tafsir komprehensif ''[[Tanakh]]'' ([[Alkitab Ibrani]]). Ia dianggap sebagai "bapa" semua tafsir [[Talmud]] sesudahnya (yaitu, [[Tosafot|Baalei Tosafot]]) dan "Tanach" (yaitu, [[Nahmanides|Ramban]], [[Abraham ibn Ezra|Ibn Ezra]], [[Chaim ibn Attar|Ohr HaChaim]], dan lain-lain).<ref>[[Nahmanides|Ramban]] writes in the introduction to his commentary on [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]]: "I will place for the illumination of my face the lights of a pure candelabrum — the commentaries of Rabbi Shlomo (Rashi), crown of beauty and glory ... in Scripture, Mishnah, and Talmud, to him belongs the rights of the firstborn!" quoted at [http://www.jtsa.edu/Conservative_Judaism/Ramban_Biography.xml ''Biography of Ramban'', The Jewish Theological Seminary]</ref><ref name="chabad">[http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/476620/jewish/Rashis-Method-of-Biblical-Commentary.htm Miller, Chaim. ''Rashi's Method of Biblical Commentary''. chabad.org]</ref>
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=== Kelahiran dan Masa muda ===
Rashi adalah anak tunggal yang lahir di [[Troyes]], [[Champagne (provinsi)|Champagne]], di bagian utara [[Perancis]]. Saudara laki-laki ibunya adalah Simon yang Tua, Rabbi di [[Mainz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishgen.org/rabbinic/infofiles/avotaynu.htm |title=Index to Articles on Rabbinic Genealogy in Avotaynu: The International Review of Jewish Genealogy |accessdate=2008-06-11 |work= Avotaynu: The International Review of Jewish Genealogy }}</ref> Simon was a disciple of [[Rabbeinu Gershom]] Meor HaGolah,<ref>See Rashi's comments in ''[[Shabbat (Talmud)|Shabbat]]'' 85b.</ref> who died that same year. Dari pihak ayahnya, Rashi diklaim sebagai keturunan ke-33 dari [[Yochanan Hasandlar]], yang merupakan keturunan ke-4 dari [[Gamaliel]] yang Tua, yang dikabarkan adalah keturunan [[Raja Daud]]. Dalam karya-karyanya yang berjumlah besar, Rashi sendiri tidak pernah mengklaim demikian. Sumber rabbinik awal utama mengenai silsilahnya, Responsum No. 29 oleh [[Solomon Luria]], juga tidak membuat klaim semacam itu.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hurwitz | first = Simon | authorlink = Solomon Luria | coauthors = | title = The Responsa of Solomon Luria | publisher = | year = 1938 | location = New York, New York | pages = 146–151 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Can We Prove Descent from King David? | journal = Avotaynu: the International Review of Jewish Genealogy | year=1992 | first=David | last=Einsiedler | coauthors= | volume = VIII |issue=3(Fall) |page=29|id= |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/Rabbinic/journal/descent.htm|accessdate=2008-06-11 }}</ref>
 
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Rashi meninggal pada tanggal 13 Juli 1105 (29 [[Tammuz]] 4865) pada usia 65 tahun. Ia dimakamkan di [[Troyes]], [[Perancis]]. Lokasi pekuburannya dicatat dalam ''Seder ha-Dorot'' (''Seder Hadoros''), tetapi lambat laun lokasi tepatnya dilupakan. Beberapa tahun berselang, seorang profesor [[University of Paris]] (Sorbonne) menemukan peta kuno yang menggambarkan lokasi makam, sekarang menjadi taman terbuka kota Troyes. Setelah penemuan ini, orang Yahudi Perancis mendirikan suatu monumen besar di tengah taman itu, berupa sebuah bola dunia besar berwarna hitam dan putih dengan huruf-huruf Ibrani yang menonjol, ''[[Shin (huruf Ibrani)|Shin]]'' (ש) (yaitu untuk "Shlomo", nama depan Rashi). Pada landasan granit monumen tersebut diukir ''Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki — Commentator and Guide'' (Komentator dan Pemandu).
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In 2005, [[Yisroel Meir Gabbai]] erected an additional plaque at this site marking the square as a burial ground. The plaque reads: "''The place you are standing on is the cemetery of the town of Troyes. Many [[Rishonim]] are buried here, among them Rabbi Shlomo, known as Rashi the holy, may his merit protect us''".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chareidi.org/archives5765/mattos/MTS65features.htm |title=The Discovery of the Resting Places of Rashi and the Baalei Hatosfos |author=Y. Friedman| publisher=Dei'ah Vedibur |date=2005-07-25}}</ref>
-->
=== Keturunan ===
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== Referensi ==
 
{{reflist|2}}
 
== Pustaka tambahan ==
 
* Abecassis, Deborah [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/NQ50099.pdf Reconstructing Rashi's Commentary on Genesis from Citations in the Torah Commentaries in the Tosafot] Dissertation 1999, Department of Jewish Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
*[http://jewishhistory.huji.ac.il/internetresources/historyresources/medieval.htm#Rashi Rashi] The Jewish History Resource Center - Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
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* [http://www.rashi900.com/ In honor of the 900th anniversary of his passing]
* [http://www.jnul.huji.ac.il/dl/mss/rashi/index.html Rashi; an exhibition of his works, from the treasures of the Jewish National and University Library]
*{{cite book | author=Cantor, Norman F. | authorlink=Norman Cantor | year=1969 |title= Medieval History |edition=2nd | page=396 | location= Toronto, Canada |publisher= Macmillan |isbn= 978-0-02-319070-4 }}
*{{cite book |title=Rashi: The Story of rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki |first=Yaacov Dovid |last=Shulman |others= |publisher=C.I.S. Publishers |year=1993 |isbn=1-56062-215-6 |url=}}
*{{cite book |title=Rashi |first=Maurice |last=Liber |others=Translated from French by Adele Szold |publisher=[[Jewish Publication Society of America]] |year=1905 |isbn=0-9766546-5-2 |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3165}}
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=== Sumber ===
 
* Teknik dan metodologi
** [http://www.rashiyomi.com/ rashiyomi.com]
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===Wikisource===
 
* {{Cite EB1911|Rashi}}
* {{Cite Nuttall|title=Rashi|short=1}}
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{{Persondata
| NAME = Rashi
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1040-2-22
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Troyes]], [[France]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1105-7-13
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Troyes]], [[France]]
}}
[[Category:Kelahiran 1040]]