Hadhrami
divisi dari etnis Arab
Orang Hadhrami (Arab: حضرمي, satuan) atau Hadharem (Arab: الحضارم, jamak.) adalah sekelompok penduduk nomaden yang berasal dari wilayah Hadhramaut, Yaman dan keturunan mereka membuat suatu komunitas diaspora di seluruh dunia. Mereka menggunakan Bahasa Arab Hadhrami, yangtermasuk kedalam bahasa Semitik cebang dari keluarga bahasa Afro-Asiatik.
 Imigran Hadhrami di Surabaya, 1920 | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
|---|---|
| Bahasa | |
| Terutama: Bahasa Arab Hadhrami Juga: Urdu dan Tamil (di Asia Selatan), Melayu dan Indonesia (di Asia Tenggara), dan Swahili (di Afrika Timur) | |
| Agama | |
| Islam (Sunni, Syafi'i, Sufi), Kristen dan Yudaisme | |
| Kelompok etnik terkait | |
| Orang Arab, Arab-Indonesia |
Diaspora sunting
Orang Hadhrami menyebar melalui Samudra Hindia dari tanduk Afrika ke pantai Swahil, hingga Pantai Malabar dan Hyderabad di India Selatan, Sri Lanka ke Asia Tenggara.[1] Komunitas Hadhrami juga dapat ditemui di pesisir Arab Saudi, tepatnya di kota Jeddah.[2][3][4] [5] Beberapa komuntas Hadhrami juga dilaporkan muncul di Mozambik dan Madagaskar.[6]
Hadhrami Yahudi sunting
Dahulu wilayah Hadhramaut merupakan wilayah kekuasaan Yahudi. Orang-orang Yahudi Hadhrami sekarang pindah dan menetap di Israel.[7]
Bahasa sunting
Masyarakat Hadhrami mempertuturkan bahasa Arab Hadhrami, sebuah bahasa dari cabang Afro-Asiatik dan bahasa Semitik, walaupun orang-orang yang telah pindah dan membentuk komunitas diaspora mempertuturkan bahasa lokal dimana tempat mereka tinggal.
Komunitas diaspora sunting
- Moor Sri Lanka[8]
- Arab Indonesia
- Arab Malaysia
- Arab Singapura
- Chaush, di India
- Sodagar (Syekh dari Gujarat)
- Labbay
- Yahudi Hadrami di Israel dan sekitarnya
- Orang Lemba
- Nawayath dan Barkas, Hyderabad di India
- Arab India
- Gujarat, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Surat, Ahmedabad, Baroda. Semuanya merupakan tempat dimana komunitas Hadhrami berada.
Tokoh Hadrami sunting
Pantai Swahili sunting
- Awadh Saleh Sherman, Kenya, pebisnis
- Najib Balala, Kenya, anggota parlemen
- Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, presiden Komoro
- Habib Salih, Lamu, Kenya, cendekiawan agama
- Khalid Mohammed Omar Binsilim, Kenya, pebisnis.
Afrika Utara sunting
Tanduk Afrika sunting
- Mohammed Al Amoudi, Ethiopia, pebisnis
India sunting
Gujarat Bin Husaini, Harthi, Al Hamad, Al Amudi, Al Maheali, Al jufri, Al Attas, Al Adroos, Banafa, Bahadad, ofthani, Magrebi, Rehan, Bajuba, Al kasiri, Al Kathiri., Ba Musa, Yafai. Nehdi, Laheji, Bahajaj, Yamni, Bagaut, Makki, Binishag, Binnaubi, Jafai, Tamimi, Al Rumi, BaSalam, Bahalwan, Harsi
Indonesia sunting
- Abdurrahman Baswedan, jurnalis
- Abu Bakar Bashir, pendiri Jamaah Islamiyah
- Ali Alatas, mantan Menteri Luar Negeri
- Alwi Shihab, mantan Menteri Luar Negeri
- Anies Baswedan, mantan Gubernur DKI Jakarta, mantan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
- Fadel Muhammad al-Haddar, Mantan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan
- Fuad Hassan, Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
- Hamid Algadri, Pahlawan Revolusi Indonesia
- Habib Abdoe'r Rahman Alzahier, pemimpin agama
- Habib Abdullah bin Muhsin al-Attas, Habib Kramat Empang Bogor
- Habib Ahmad Bin Alwi Al Haddad, Habib Kuncung, Kalibata Jaksel
- Habib Ali bin Abdurrahman al-Habsyi, Tokoh nasional & tokoh agama
- Habib Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya, anggota Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden, Habib Pekalongan
- Habib Muhammad Rizieq bin Hussein Shihab, Pendiri FPI
- Habib Mundzir bin Fuad al-Musawa, Pendiri Majelis Rasulullah SAW
- Habib Hasan bin Ja'far Assegaf, Pendiri Majelis Nurul Musthofa
- Habib Usman bin Yahya, Mufti Batavia
- Habib Al-Quthb Sholeh bin Muhsin al-Hamid, Habib Sholeh Tanggul
- Jafar Umar Thalib, pendiri Lasykar Jihad
- Munir Said Thalib Al-Kathiri, aktivis HAM
- Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Nadiem Makarim, Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
- Nono Anwar Makarim, Praktisi Hukum
- Zacky Anwar Makarim, mantan Kabais ABRI
- Quraish Shihab, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Raden Saleh, seniman/pelukis
- Said Naum, filantropis
- Sultan Hamid II, Sultan Pontianak, Diplomat, Mayor Jenderal KNIL
- Sayyid Abdullah Al-Aidarus, pemimpin agama
- Habib Abubakar bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Abubakar bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf, Tokoh Agama, Gresik
- Habib Muhammad Anis bin Alwi bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Syaich bin Abdullah Al Habsyi, Masjid Riyadh Solo
- Habib Ali bin Ja'far bin Syaikh bin seggaf bin Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Alwi Assegaf, Annasabah Alawiyyin
- Habib Hasan bin Muhammad bin Hasan bin Hamid bin Ali bin Alwi bin Abdullah bin Alwi Al Haddad, Mbah Priok, Jakut
- Habib Idrus bin Salim bin Alwi bin Seggaf bin Alwi bin Abdullah bin Husein bin Salim bin Idrus bin Muhammad Al Jufri, Palu, Sulawesi
- Habib Musthofa bin Abdullah bin Idrus bin Hasan Al Bahar bin Shaleh bin Idrus bin Abubakar bin Hadi bin Said bin Syaichan bin Muhammad, Ayah Wali Mastur Habib Syaikhan bin Musthofa Al Bahar
- sayyidil walid Habib Seggaf bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qadir bin Ali bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf
- sayyidil walid Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qadir bin Ali bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf, Bukit duri, Jakarta
- Habib Ali bin sayyidil walid Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qadir bin Ali bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf
- Habib Alwi bin sayyidil walid Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qadir bin Ali bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf
- Habib Muhammad bin sayyidil walid Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qadir bin Ali bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf
- Habib Umar bin sayyidil walid Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qadir bin Ali bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf
- Habib Abubakar bin sayyidil walid Habib Abdurrahman bin Ahmad bin Abdul Qadir bin Ali bin Umar bin Seggaf bin Muhammad bin Umar bin Thoha bin Umar Asshofi Assegaf
Timor Leste sunting
- Mari Alkatiri, mantan Perdana Menteri
Malaysia sunting
- Habib Alwi bin Thahir al-Haddad, Mufti Johor Bahru
- Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, filsafat
- Syed Hussein Alatas, politikus dan sosiologis
- Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, penulis
- Syed Hamid Albar, politikus
- Syed Jaafar Albar, politikus
- Syed Sheh Hassan Barakbah, hakim
- Syarif Masahor, pejuang
- Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary pebisnis
- Syed Nasir Ismail, politikus
- Tun Habib Abdul Majid
- Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Gubernur Bank Sentral
- Keluarga Jamalullail (Perak)
- Keluarga Jamalullail (Perlis)
Singapura sunting
- Syed Mohamed Alsagoff, saudagar
- Syed Mohamed Syed Ahmad Alsagoff, pemimpin militer
- Syed Sharif Omar bin Ali Al Junied, saudagar. Namanya digunakan dalam nama jalan, yaitu Aljunied Road[9]
Asia Selatan sunting
- General El Edroos
- Salam Masdoosi, Hyderabad, India
- Sulaiman Areeb, Hyderabad, India, penyair
- Awaz Sayeed, Hyderabad, India, penyair dan Penulis Urdu
- Ahmed Abdullah Masdoosi, Pakistan
- Nuruddin ar-Raniri, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Shah Jalal, Bangladesh, Wali dari Sufi
- Shah Paran, Bangladesh, Wali dari Sufi
- Subhani ba Yunus, Pakistan, aktor
Arab Saudi sunting
- bin Laden family
- Mohammed Al Amoudi, pebisnis
Yaman sunting
- Abd Al-Rahman Ali Al-Jifri, politikus
- Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf, aktivis HAM
- Faisal Bin Shamlan, politikus
- Habib Ali al-Jifri, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Habib Umar bin Hafiz, Cendekiawan Muslim
- Habib Abdullah bin Alwi al-Haddad, Sufi Wali
- Imam Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam, pendiri Ba'alawi Sufi
- Sayyid Abu Bakr Al-Aidarus (Wali)
Lihat pula sunting
Catatan sunting
- ^ Ho, Engseng. 2006. Graves of Tarim. University of California Press. Berkeley. passim
- ^ Jean-François Seznec The Financial Markets of the Arabian Gulf, Routledge, 1987
- ^ Cassanelli, Lee V. (1973). "The Benaadir past: essays in southern Somali history". University of Wisconsin: 24.
- ^ Gavin, R. J. (1975). Aden under British rule, 1839–1967. London: Hurst. hlm. 198. ISBN 0-903983-14-1.
- ^ Helen Chapin Metz, Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.
- ^ Francoise Le Guennec, Changing Patterns of Hadhrami Migration and Social Integration in East Africa in Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s, Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997, pg 165
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-16. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2016-11-01.
- ^ "Arab trader's role in Singapore landmark". The Straits Times. 24 September 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-05-07. Diakses tanggal 5 July 2016.
Referensi sunting
Bacaan lanjutan sunting
- Leif Manger, The Hadrami Diaspora: Community-building on the Indian Ocean Rim Diarsipkan 2016-11-03 di Wayback Machine., Berghahn Books, 2010
- Omar Khulaidi, The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad in Mediaeval Deccan History, eds Kulkarni, Naeem and de Souza, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1996
- Leif Manger, Hadramis in Hyderabad: From Winners to Losers Diarsipkan 2012-10-21 di Wayback Machine., Asian Journal of Social Science, Volume 35, Numbers 4-5, 2007, pp. 405–433(29)
- Engseng Ho, The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean, University of California Press, 2006
- Ababu Minda Yimene, An African Indian community in Hyderabad, Cuvillier Verlag, 2004, pg 201
- Natalie Mobini-Kesheh, The Hadrami Awakening: Community and Identity in the Netherlands East Indies, 1900-1942, SEAP Publications, 1999
- Anne K. Bang, Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925, Routledge, 2003
- AHMED BIN SALAM BAHIYAL who came from hadramaut to MAHABUBNAGAR ( HYDERABAD ) INDIA
- Linda Boxberger, On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean, 1880s-1930s, SUNY Press, 2002
- Ulrike Freitag, Hadhramaut: A Religious Centre for the Indian Ocean in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries?, Studia Islamica, No. 89 (1999), pp. 165–183
- The Hadhrami Diaspora in Southeast Asia: Identity Maintenance or Assimilation?, edited by Ahmed Ibrahim Abushouk and Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, BRILL, 2009
- A Hadrami Diaspora in the Sudan in Diasporas Within and Without Africa: Dynamism, Hetereogeneity, Variation edited by Leif O. Manger and Munzoul A. M. Assal, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006, pg 61
- Abdullah Hassan Al-Saqqaf, The Linguistics of Loanwords in Hadrami Arabic, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Volume 9, Issue 1 January 2006, pages 75 – 93
- Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997
- Frode F. Jacobsen, Hadrami Arabs in Present-day Indonesia, Taylor & Francis, 2009
- Patricia W. Romero, Lamu: History, Society, and Family in an East African Port City, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997, pp 93 – 108, 167- 184
- Mona Abaza, M. Asad Shahab: A Portrait of an Indonesian Hadrami Who Bridged the Two Worlds in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 250 – 274
- Jonathan Miran, Red Sea Translocals: Hadrami Migration, Entrepreneurship, and Strategies of Integration in Eritrea, 1840s-1970s[pranala nonaktif permanen], Northeast African Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2012, pp. 129–168.
- Ulrike Freitag, From Golden Youth in Arabia to Business Leaders in Singapore: Instructions of a Hadrami Patriarch in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 235 – 249
- Talib, Ameen, Hadramis in Singapore, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, vol 17 no. 1 (April 1997): 89- 97 (UK).
- Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, The Role of Hadramis in Post-Second World War Singapore - A Reinterpretation, Immigrants & Minorities, Volume 25, Issue 2 July 2007, pages 163 - 183
- Iain Walker, Hadramis, Shimalis and Muwalladin: Negotiating Cosmopolitan Identities between the Swahili Coast and Southern Yemen, Journal of Eastern African Studies, Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2008, pages 44 – 59
- Shanti Sadiq Ali, The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times, Orient Blackswan, 1996, pp 193–202
- Al-Saqqaf, Abdullah (2012) "Arabic Literature in Diaspora: an Example from South Asia" in: Rizio Yohannan Raj (ed.): Quest of a Discipline: New Academic Directions for Comparative Literature (Cambridge University Press, India) doi:10.1017/CBO9788175969346.018