Wikipedia

Graph database

Graph database dalam dunia ilmu komputer adalah database yang menggunakan struktur data graph yg memiliki komponen node, edge dan properties unutk merepresentasikan penyimpanan data. Graph database menyediakan index-free adjacency yang artinya setiap elemen berisi direct pointer ke adjacent element dan tidak membutuhkan lagi suatu index lookups.

Berikut struktur dari graph database:

Graph database

Setiap simpul melambangkan suatu entitas seperti orang, bisnis, akun, atau item lain yang hendak dilacak.

Sifat sunting

Dibanding dengan relational database, graph database sering lebih cepat untuk himpunan data asosiatif, dan memetakan lebih langsung ke struktur aplikasi berorientasi objek (object-oriented application). Database ini dapat diskala lebih alamiah ke himpunan data lebih besar karena umumnya tidak membutuhkan operasi "join" yang mahal. Karena kurang tergantung dari skema kaku, mereka lebih cocok untuk dikelola secara ad hoc dan data yang berubah-ubah dengan skema yang terus diperbarui. Sebaliknya, relational database umumnya lebih cepat dalam mengerjakan operasi yang sama dengan jumlah elemen data yang lebih banyak.

Proyek-proyek graph database sunting

Berikut adalah daftar sejumlah proyek graph database yang terkenal:

Nama Versi Lisensi Bahasa Pemerian
AllegroGraph 4.14.1 (September 2014) Proprietary, Clients - Eclipse Public License v1 C#, C, Common Lisp, Java, Python A RDF and graph database.
ArangoDB Diarsipkan 2014-10-07 di Wayback Machine. 2.2.1 (July 2014) Apache 2 C, C++ & Javascript A distributed multi-model document store and graph database. Highly scalable supporting ACID and full transaction support. Including a built-in graph explorer.
Bigdata Diarsipkan 2023-06-10 di Wayback Machine. 1.3.1 (May 2014) GPLv2, evaluation license, or commercial license. Java A RDF/graph database capable of clustered deployment. Bigdata supports high availability (HA) mode Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine., embedded mode Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine., single server mode Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine.. As of version 1.3.1, it supports the Blueprints API Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine. and Reification Done Right (RDR) Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine..
Bitsy Diarsipkan 2023-08-08 di Wayback Machine. 1.5.0 AGPL, Enterprise license (unlimited use, annual/perpetual) Java A small, embeddable, durable in-memory graph database
BrightstarDB Diarsipkan 2023-06-06 di Wayback Machine. MIT License [1] C# An embeddable NoSQL database for the .NET platform with code-first data model generation.
Cayley Diarsipkan 2016-02-03 di Wayback Machine. 0.4.0 (August 2014) Apache 2 Go An open-source graph inspired by the graph database behind Freebase and Google's Knowledge Graph.
DEX/Sparksee[2] 5.1.0 (2014) evaluation, research or development use (free) / commercial use C++ A high-performance and scalable graph database management system from Sparsity Technologies Diarsipkan 2017-05-04 di Wayback Machine., a technology transition company from DAMA-UPC Diarsipkan 2015-02-23 di Wayback Machine.. Its main characteristics is its query performance for the retrieval & exploration of large networks. Sparksee 5 mobile is the first graph database for mobile devices.
Filament Diarsipkan 2023-05-17 di Wayback Machine. BSD Java A graph persistence framework and associated toolkits based on a navigational query style.
GraphBase Diarsipkan 2017-06-26 di Wayback Machine. 1.0.03a Proprietary Java A customizable, distributed, small-footprint graph store with a rich tool set from FactNexus Diarsipkan 2023-06-10 di Wayback Machine..
Graphd Proprietary The proprietary back-end of Freebase.
Horton Diarsipkan 2016-06-09 di Wayback Machine. Proprietary C# A graph database from Microsoft Research Extreme Computing Group (XCG) Diarsipkan 2014-03-28 di Wayback Machine. based on the cloud programming infrastructure Orleans Diarsipkan 2016-06-20 di Wayback Machine..
HyperGraphDB Diarsipkan 2023-05-29 di Wayback Machine. 1.2 (2012) LGPL Java A graph database supporting generalized hypergraphs where edges can point to other edges.
IBM System G Native Store Diarsipkan 2018-05-21 di Wayback Machine. v1.0 Diarsipkan 2018-05-21 di Wayback Machine. (July 2014) Proprietary C, C++, Java A high performance graph store using natively implemented graph data structures and primitives for achieving superior efficiency. IBM System G Native Store can handle various simple graphs, property graphs, and RDF graphs, in terms of storage, analytics, and visualization. Native Store is accessible from most programming languages by providing APIs in C++, Java (Tinkerpop/Blueprints), and Python. Its gShell graph command collection and the Native Store REST APIs provide language-free interfaces.
InfiniteGraph Diarsipkan 2023-06-01 di Wayback Machine. 3.0 (January 2013) Proprietary Java A distributed and cloud-enabled commercial product with flexible licensing.
InfoGrid Diarsipkan 2010-06-09 di Wayback Machine. 2.9.5 (2011) AGPLv3, free for small entities[3] Java A graph database with web front end and configurable storage engines (MySQL, PostgreSQL, Files, Hadoop).
JanusGraph Diarsipkan 2022-01-11 di Wayback Machine. 0.6.1 (2022) Apache 2 Java Open source, scalable, distributed across a multi-machine cluster graph database under The Linux Foundation; supports various storage backends (Apache Cassandra, Apache HBase, Google Cloud Bigtable, Oracle BerkeleyDB);[4] supports global graph data analytics, reporting, and ETL through integration with big data platforms (Apache Spark, Apache Giraph, Apache Hadoop); supports geo, numeric range, and full-text search via external index storages (Elasticsearch, Apache Solr, Apache Lucene).[5]
jCoreDB Graph Diarsipkan 2014-08-09 di Wayback Machine. An extensible database engine with a graph database subproject.
MapGraph Diarsipkan 2023-06-28 di Wayback Machine. v3 (2014) Apache 2 CUDA MapGraph is Massively Parallel Graph processing on GPUs. The MapGraph API makes it easy to develop high performance graph analytics on GPUs. The API is based on the Gather-Apply-Scatter (GAS) model as used in GraphLab.[6] MapGraph is up to two orders of magnitude faster than parallel CPU implementations on up 24 CPU cores and has performance comparable to a state-of-the-art manually optimized GPU implementation. New algorithms can be implemented in a few hours that fully exploit the data-level parallelism of the GPU and offer throughput of up to 3.3 billion traversed edges per second on a single GPU.[7] and up to 30 billion traversed edges per second on a cluster with 64 GPUs [8]
Neo4j 2.1.6 Diarsipkan 2014-10-15 di Wayback Machine. (November 2014) GPLv3 Community Edition. Commercial & AGPLv3 options for Enterprise and Advanced editions[9] Java A highly scalable open source graph database that supports ACID, has high-availability clustering for enterprise deployments, and comes with a web-based administration tool that includes full transaction support and visual node-link graph explorer.[10] Neo4j is accessible from most programming languages using its built-in REST web API interface. Neo4j is the most popular graph database in use today.[11]
Orly [4] Diarsipkan 2022-05-28 di Wayback Machine. (March 2014) Apache 2[9] C++ A highly scalable open source graph database.[12] Orly is accessible from most programming languages using its built-in REST web API interface. Orly is a popular graph database in use today.
OpenLink Virtuoso 7.1 (March 2014) GPLv2 for Open Source Edition Diarsipkan 2016-10-21 di Wayback Machine.. Proprietary for Enterprise Edition Diarsipkan 2016-10-15 di Wayback Machine.. C, C++ A hybrid database server handling RDF and other graph data, RDB/SQL data, XML data, filesystem documents/objects, and free text. May be deployed as a local embedded instance (as used in the Nepomuk Semantic Desktop), a single-instance network server, or a shared-nothing elastic-cluster multiple-instance networked server.[13]
Oracle Spatial and Graph Diarsipkan 2013-11-06 di Wayback Machine. 11.2 (2012) Proprietary Java, PL/SQL 1) RDF Semantic Graph: comprehensive W3C RDF graph management in Oracle Database with native reasoning and triple-level label security. 2) Network Data Model property graph: for physical/logical networks with persistent storage and a Java API for in-memory graph analytics.
Oracle NoSQL Database Diarsipkan 2013-11-22 di Wayback Machine. 2.0.39 (2013) Proprietary Java RDF Graph for Oracle NoSQL Database is a feature of Enterprise Edition providing W3C RDF graph capabilities in NoSQL Database.
OrientDB 1.7.10 Diarsipkan 2014-12-16 di Wayback Machine. (November 2014) Community Edition Apache 2, Enterprise Edition is Commercial Java OrientDB is a 2nd Generation Distributed Graph Database with the flexibility of Documents in one product with an Open Source commercial friendly license (Apache 2 license). It has a multi-master replication and sharding. Supports schema-less, schema-full and schema-mixed modes. Has a strong security profiling system based on user and roles and supports SQL amongst the query languages. Thanks to the SQL layer, it's straightforward to use for those skilled in the relational database world.
OQGRAPH GPLv2 A graph computation engine for MySQL, MariaDB and Drizzle.
Ontotext OWLIM Diarsipkan 2014-08-19 di Wayback Machine. 5.3 OWLIM Lite is free
OWLIM SE and Enterprise are commercially licenced		 Java A graph database engine, based entirely on Semantic Web standards from W3C: RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL. OWLIM Lite is an "in memory" engine. OWLIM SE is robust standalone database engine. OWLIM Enterprise is a clustered version which offers horizontal scalability and failover support and other enterprise features.
R2DF R2DF framework for ranked path queries over weighted RDF graphs.
ROIS Diarsipkan 2015-02-13 di Wayback Machine. Freeware Modula-2 A programmable knowledge server that supports inheritance and transitivity. Used in OpenGALEN as a Terminology Server.
sones GraphDB AGPLv3[14] C# A graph database and universal access layer (funded by Deutsche Telekom).
SPARQLCity Diarsipkan 2014-02-02 di Wayback Machine. v1.0.95 (October 2014) GPLv3 C, C++ & Javascript SPARQLCity produces SPARQLVerse: A standards and Hadoop based analytic graph engine for performing rich business analytics on structured and semi-structured data.
Sqrrl Enterprise Diarsipkan 2014-06-05 di Wayback Machine. v1.5.1 (August 2014) Proprietary Java Distributed, real-time graph database featuring cell-level security and massive scalability.
Stardog v2.2 (July 2014) Proprietary Java Fast, scalable, pure Java semantic graph database.
Teradata Aster Diarsipkan 2020-09-19 di Wayback Machine. v6 (2013) Proprietary Java, SQL, Python, C++, R A high performance, multi-purpose, highly scalable and extensible MPP database incorporating patented engines supporting native SQL, MapReduce and Graph data storage and manipulation. An extensive set of analytical function libraries and data visualization capabilities are also provided.
Titan Diarsipkan 2018-07-31 di Wayback Machine. 0.5.2 (2014) Apache 2 Java A distributed, real-time, scalable transactional graph database developed by Aurelius Diarsipkan 2016-04-02 di Wayback Machine..
Trinity Diarsipkan 2023-08-08 di Wayback Machine. C#, C, X64 Assembly A distributed general purpose graph engine on a memory cloud.
TripleBit Diarsipkan 2019-01-27 di Wayback Machine. C/C++ A centralized RDF store.
VelocityGraph Diarsipkan 2018-08-07 di Wayback Machine. Open source with proprietary back-end C# High performance, scalable & flexible graph database build with VelocityDB Diarsipkan 2021-03-01 di Wayback Machine. object database.
VertexDB Diarsipkan 2011-11-06 di Wayback Machine. Revised BSD C A graph database server that supports automatic garbage collection.
Weaver Diarsipkan 2020-01-20 di Wayback Machine. 0.1 (December 2014) BSD licenses C, Python A fast, scalable, ACID transactional graph database with replication and migration.
WhiteDB Diarsipkan 2023-05-30 di Wayback Machine. 0.7.0 (October 2013) GPLv3 and a free commercial licence C A graph/N-tuples shared memory database library.
OhmDB Diarsipkan 2023-04-09 di Wayback Machine. 1.0.0 (August 2014) Apache 2 Java RDBMS + NoSQL Database for Java.

Graph database features sunting

The following table compares the features of the above graph databases.

Name Graph Model API Query Methods Visualizer Consistency Backend Scalability
AllegroGraph RDF Java, Java:Sesame, JavaJena, Python, Ruby, Perl, C#, Clojure, Lisp, Scala, REST SPARQL 1.1, Prolog, JIG, JavaScript Gruff - View Graphs, Visual Query Builder for SPARQL and Prolog ACID Native Graph Storage 1 Trillion RDF triples
ArangoDB Diarsipkan 2014-10-07 di Wayback Machine. Property Graph Diarsipkan 2022-10-07 di Wayback Machine. JavaScript, Blueprints, REST Graph Traversals via JavaScript, Gremlin Built-in graph explorer MVCC/ACID native C/C++ Replication and Sharding
Bigdata Diarsipkan 2012-03-10 di Wayback Machine. RDF Java, Sesame, Blueprints, Gremlin, SPARQL, REST SPARQL, Gremlin Bigdata Workbench UI MVCC/ACID Native Java Embedded Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine., Client/Server Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine., High Availability (HA) Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine.
Bitsy Diarsipkan 2023-08-08 di Wayback Machine. Property Graph Blueprints Gremlin, Pixy Diarsipkan 2022-12-05 di Wayback Machine. ACID with optimistic concurrency control Human-readable JSON-encoded text files with checksums and markers for recovery
DEX/Sparksee[2] Labeled and directed attributed multigraph Java, C++, .NET, Python Native Java, C#, Python and C++ APIs, Blueprints, Gremlin Exporting functionality to visualization formats Consistency, durability and partial isolation and atomicity Native graph. light and independent data structures with a small memory footprint for storage Master/Slave replication
Filament Diarsipkan 2023-05-17 di Wayback Machine.
GraphBase Enterprise(1) Diarsipkan 2014-11-25 di Wayback Machine. GraphBase Agility(2) Diarsipkan 2014-11-29 di Wayback Machine. (1) mixed, (2) Framework-managed Simple Graph Java Bounds Language, embedded java GraphPad, BoundsPad, Navigator ACID, graph-based transactions proprietary native (1) shared nothing distributed, (2) simple replication, 100+ Billion arcs per server
Graphd
Horton Diarsipkan 2016-06-09 di Wayback Machine. Attributed multigraph Horton Query Language (Regular Language Expression + SQL) C#, .Net Framework, Asynchronous communication protocols
HyperGraphDB Diarsipkan 2023-05-29 di Wayback Machine. Object-oriented multi-relational labeled hypergraph Custom,Java MVCC/STM
IBM System G Native Store Diarsipkan 2018-05-21 di Wayback Machine. Property Graph, RDF* C++, Java, Python Native Store gShell, Gremlin, SPARQL Built-in Visualizer ACID Native Graph Storage Both scale-up (using multithreading) and scale-out (using IBM PAMI)
InfiniteGraph Diarsipkan 2023-06-01 di Wayback Machine. Labeled and directed multi-property graph Java, Blueprints (Read Only) Java (with parallel, distributed queries), Gremlin (Read Only) Graph browser for developers. Plugins to allow use of external libraries. ACID. There is also a parallel, loosely synchronized batch loader. Objectivity/DB on standard filesystems Distributed & Sharded. Objectivity/DB was the first DBMS to store a Petabyte of objects.
InfoGrid Diarsipkan 2010-06-09 di Wayback Machine. Dynamically typed, object-oriented graph, multigraphs, semantic models
JanusGraph Diarsipkan 2022-01-11 di Wayback Machine. Property Graph Diarsipkan 2022-10-07 di Wayback Machine. Java, C#, Python, REST (any language) Gremlin Diarsipkan 2023-04-27 di Wayback Machine. Arcade Analytics, Cytoscape, Gephi plugin for Apache TinkerPop, Graphexp, Graph Explorer, Gremlin-Visualizer, G.V() - Gremlin IDE, KeyLines by Cambridge Intelligence, Linkurious, Tom Sawyer Perspectives ACID Native Java server on top of column oriented database and optionally plugged in search engine Horizontal linear scalability with multi data-center support.
jCoreDB Graph Diarsipkan 2014-08-09 di Wayback Machine.
Neo4j Property Graph Java, Python, JPython, Ruby, JRuby, JavaScript (Node.js), PHP, .NET, Django, Clojure, Spring, Scala, or REST (any language) Cypher (native/preferred), Native Java APIs (special cases), Traverser API, REST, Blueprints, Gremlin Data Browser included. Supports a variety of 3rd party tools: Gephi, Linkurio.us, Cytoscape, Tom Sawyer, Keylines, etc. ACID Native graph storage with native graph processing engine Horizontal read scaling via master-slave clustering with cache sharding.
OpenLink Virtuoso RDF graph: Triple & Quad (named graphs); expandable column store SPARQL, XMLA, ODBC, JDBC, ADO.NET, OLE DB, Jena, Sesame, Virtuoso PL/SQL, Java, Python, Perl, PHP, HTTP, etc. SPARQL 1.1; SPARQL web service endpoint; SQL; others Pivot Viewer (Silverlight or HTML5); OpenLink Data Explorer; SPARQL-compliant tools; Apache Jena-based tools; XML & JSON-based tools; SQL based tools ACID Internal column-store or row-store (depending on licensure), hybrid RDF/SQL/RDB engine Infinite via Commercial Edition's Cluster Module elastic cluster functionality; simple master-slave clustering of single-server instances also an option.
Oracle Spatial and Graph Diarsipkan 2013-11-06 di Wayback Machine. RDF graph: Triple & Quad (named graphs); Network Data Model property graph Java; Apache Jena; PL/SQL SPARQL 1.1; SPARQL web service end point; SQL SPARQL-compliant tools; Apache Jena-based tools; XML & JSON-based tools; SQL based tools ACID Efficient, compressed, partitioned graph storage; Native persisted in-database inferencing; SPARQL 1.1 & SQL integration; Triple-level label security; Semantic indexing of documents Parallel load, query, inference; Query controls; Scales from PC to Oracle Exadata; Supports Oracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle Database 8 exabytes
Oracle NoSQL Database Diarsipkan 2013-11-22 di Wayback Machine. RDF graph: Triple default graph, Triple & Quad named graphs Java (Apache Jena) SPARQL 1.1; SPARQL web service end point SPARQL-compliant tools; Apache Jena-based tools; XML & JSON-based tools ACID; Configurable consistency & durability policies Key/value store; W3C SPARQL 1.1 & Update; In-memory RDFS/OWL inferencing Parallel load/query; Query controls for: parallel execution, timeout, query optimization hints
OrientDB Property Graph Java, Python, JPython, Ruby, JRuby, JavaScript (Node.js), PHP, .NET, Clojure, Spring, Scala, or REST (any language) Own SQL-like Query Language, REST, Blueprints, Gremlin, SparQL (via Blueprints) Console and Studio Web tool Diarsipkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine. supporting also graph editor ACID, MVCC Custom on disc or in memory Horizontal read and write scaling via multi-master replication + sharding.
OQGRAPH
R2DF
ROIS Diarsipkan 2015-02-13 di Wayback Machine.
sones GraphDB
Sqrrl Enterprise Diarsipkan 2014-06-05 di Wayback Machine. Property Graph Thrift, Blueprint Own SQL-like query language and Java API Integrates with 3rd party tools Fully Consistent and ACID (transactions limited to a single graph node) Apache Accumulo Distributed cluster with tens of trillions of edges Diarsipkan 2023-07-29 di Wayback Machine.
Stardog RDF Java, Sesame, Jena, SNARL, HTTP/REST, Python, Ruby, Node.js, C#, Clojure, Spring SPARQL 1.1 Stardog Web, Pelorus Diarsipkan 2014-07-15 di Wayback Machine. ACID Native Graph Storage 50 billion RDF triples on $10,000 server
Titan Diarsipkan 2013-02-12 di Wayback Machine. Property Graph Java, Blueprints, REST, RexPro binary protocol, Python, Clojure (any language) Gremlin, SPARQL[butuh rujukan] || Integrates with 3rd party tools || ACID or Eventually Consistent || Apache Cassandra, Apache HBase, MapR M7 Tables, Berkeley DB, Persistit, Hazelcast || Distributed cluster (120 billion+ edges) or single server.
Trinity Diarsipkan 2023-08-08 di Wayback Machine. Cell Based Graph Model Diarsipkan 2016-03-14 di Wayback Machine. C# Trinity Query Language Cell level Atomicity Diarsipkan 2016-03-14 di Wayback Machine. Native graph store and processing engine billion node in-memory graph
TripleBit Diarsipkan 2019-01-27 di Wayback Machine. Labeled direct graph Diarsipkan 2019-01-27 di Wayback Machine. C, C++ SPARQL ACID or Eventually Consistent] Native graph store and processing engine billion triples
VertexDB Diarsipkan 2011-11-06 di Wayback Machine.
Weaver Diarsipkan 2020-01-20 di Wayback Machine. Property Graph C, Python Node programs ACID HyperDex Automatic replication and migration

Pemrosesan graf yang didistribusi sunting

GPGPU Graph Processing sunting

  • Medusa Diarsipkan 2016-01-24 di Wayback Machine. - A framework for graph processing using Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) on both shared memory and distributed environments. Medusa allows users with no GPU programming expertise to leverage GPUs for graph processing.

APIs and Graph Query/Programming Languages sunting

Lihat pula sunting

Referensi sunting

  1. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-03-02. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-19. 
  2. ^ a b "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-05-04. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-19. 
  3. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-01. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-19. 
  4. ^ "JanusGraph storage backends". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-02. Diakses tanggal 2018-10-01. 
  5. ^ "JanusGraph index storages". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-02. Diakses tanggal 2018-10-01. 
  6. ^ [1] Diarsipkan 2022-01-20 di Wayback Machine. Retrieved Aug 7, 2014.
  7. ^ [2] Retrieved Aug 7, 2014.
  8. ^ [3] Diarsipkan 2023-06-03 di Wayback Machine. Retrieved Aug 7, 2014.
  9. ^ a b "neo4j.org". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-10-15. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-19. 
  10. ^ Neo4j, World’s Leading Graph Database Diarsipkan 2014-08-31 di Wayback Machine.. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  11. ^ DB-Engines Ranking of Graph DBMS Diarsipkan 2019-03-08 di Wayback Machine.. Retrieved July 19, 2013.
  12. ^ Orly, Graph Database Diarsipkan 2022-05-28 di Wayback Machine.. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
  13. ^ OpenLink Software. "Clustering Deployment Architecture Diagrams for Virtuoso (Release 6 and later, Commercial Edition only)". Virtuoso Open-Source Wiki. OpenLink Software. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-08. Diakses tanggal 2014-05-01. 
  14. ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-03. Diakses tanggal 2014-12-19. 
  15. ^ http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2465369

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