Formasi Shungura
Formasi Shungura adalah sebuah formasi stratigrafik yang terletak di cekungan sungai Omo, Etiopia. Formasi tersebut berasal dari zaman Pliosen Akhir dan Pleistosen Awal. Oldowan ditemukan pada formasi tersebut, yang menyiartkan pemakaian awal dari alat-alat batu oleh para hominin. Selain itu, fosil-fosil Panthera ditemukan pada Anggota G dari formasi tersebut.[1]
| Formasi Shungura Stratigraphic range: Piacenzian-Gelasian | |
|---|---|
| Jenis | Formasi geologi |
| Unit | Kelompok Omo |
| Garis bawah | Formasi Kalam |
| Garis atas | Formasi Mursi |
| Litologi | |
| Primari | Batu pasir, batu lanau |
| Lain-lain | Batu tanah liat, tuf |
| Location | |
| Koordinat | 5°06′N 36°00′E / 5.1°N 36.0°EKoordinat: 5°06′N 36°00′E / 5.1°N 36.0°E |
| Prakiraan paleokoordinat | 5°48′N 36°06′E / 5.8°N 36.1°E |
| Negara |  Ethiopia |
| Nasib | Anak cekungan Omo Cekungan Turkana |
  Formasi Shungura (Etiopia) | |
Fosil sunting
Fosil-fosil berikut ini dilaporkan ditemukan dari formasi tersebut:[2][3][4][5][6]
- Acomys sp.
- Aepyceros shungurae
- Aethomys deheinzelini
- Ancylotherium
- Antidorcas recki
- Arvicanthis sp.
- Australopithecus boisei
- Camelops grattardi
- Camelus sp.
- Ceratotherium simum
- Clarias sp.
- Crocidura aithiops
- Diceros bicornis
- Equus oldowayensis
- Eurygnathohippus libycum
- Euthecodon
- Gazella praethomsoni
- Gerbillus sp.
- Gymnarchus sp.
- Helogale hirtula
- Heterocephalus atikoi
- Hexaprotodon protoamphibius, H. shungurensis
- Hipparion sitifense
- Hippopotamus protoamphibius
- Hipposideros kaumbului
- Homotherium Sp.
- Jaculus orientalis
- Kobus ancystrocera, K. ellipsiprymnus, K. oricornis, K. sigmoidalis
- Kolpochoerus limnetes
- Lepus capensis
- Loxodonta adaurora, L. exoptata
- Mastomys minor
- Menelikia lyrocera
- Metridiochoerus jacksoni, M. modestus
- Notochoerus euilus, N. scotti
- Nyanzachoerus kanamensis
- Palaeoloxodon recki
- Paracolobus mutiwa
- Paraxerus ochraceus
- Pelomys sp.
- Pelorovis sp.
- Polypterus sp.
- Redunca sp.
- Saidomys sp.
- Syncerus cf. acoelotus
- Synodontis sp.
- Taphozous abitus
- Thallomys quadrilobatus
- Theropithecus brumpti, T. oswaldi
- Tragelaphus gaudryi, T. nakuae
- Tatera sp.
- Xerus sp.
Referensi sunting
- ^ Sabol, 2011, p.230
- ^ ETE Locality 807, Omo - member G Diarsipkan 2018-09-03 di Wayback Machine. at Fossilworks.org
- ^ ETE Locality 860, Omo - member C Diarsipkan 2018-09-03 di Wayback Machine. at Fossilworks.org
- ^ ETE Locality 486, Omo - O.75 Diarsipkan 2018-09-03 di Wayback Machine. at Fossilworks.org
- ^ ETE Locality 452, Omo - O.81, P.928 Diarsipkan 2018-09-03 di Wayback Machine. at Fossilworks.org
- ^ ETE Locality 363, Omo - L.28 Diarsipkan 2018-09-03 di Wayback Machine. at Fossilworks.org
Daftar pustaka sunting
Bacaan tambahan sunting
- L. Bobe and M. Mabela. 1997. Incidence of four gastrointestinal parasite worms in group of cricetomas,Lukaya-Democratic Republic of Congo. Tropicultura 15(3):132-135
- C. S. Churcher and D. A. Hooijer. 1980. The Olduvai Zebra (Equus oldowayensis) from the later Omo beds, Ethiopia. Zoologische Mededelingen 55(22):265-280
- Y. Coppens and F. C. Howell. 1985. Les Faunes Plio-Pleistocenes de las Basse Vallee de l'Omo (Ethiopie), Tome 1: Perissodactyls, Artiodactyls (Bovidae). Cahiers de Paleontologie, Editions du CNRS, Paris
- G. Eck. 1977. Diversity and frequency distributions of Omo Group Cercopithecidae. Journal of Human Evolution 6:55-63
- C. S. Feibel, F.H. Brown, and I. McDougall. 1989. Stratigraphic Context of Fossil hominids from the Omo Group Deposits: Northern Turkana Basin, Kenya and Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78:595-622
- J. de Heinzelin. 1983. The Omo Group: Archives of the International Omo Research Expedition. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales Series 8, Tervuren, Belgique 85
- F. C. Howell and Y. Coppens. 1973. Inventory of remains of Hominidae from Pliocene and Pleistocene formations of the lower Omo Basin, Ethiopia (1967-1972). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 40:1-16
- M. G. Leakey. 1982. Extinct large Colobines from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58:153-172
- 2015 - Thomas W. Plummer, Joseph V. Ferraro, Julien Louys, Fritz Hertel, Zeresenay Alemseged, René Bobe, L. C. Bishop - Bovid ecomorphology and hominin paleoenvironments of the Shungura Formation, lower Omo River Valley, Ethiopia Diarsipkan 2017-09-21 di Wayback Machine.
- 1979 - Robert J. Rogers & Francis H. Brown - Authigenic mitridatite from the Shungura Formation, southwestern Ethiopia Diarsipkan 2023-06-04 di Wayback Machine.
- G. Suwa, T. D. White, and F. Clark Howell. 1996. Mandibular postcanine dentition from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia: Crown morphology, taxonomic allocations and Plio-Pleistocene Hominid Evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101:247-282
- Vickers-Rich, Patricia & Rich, Thomas Hewett (1993); Wildlife of Gondwana. Reed. ISBN 0-7301-0315-3
- H. B. Wesselman. 1984. The Omo Micromammals: Systematics and Paleoecology of Early Man Sites from Ethiopia. Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution 17