Eugenika Nazi

Eugenika Nazi (Jerman: Nationalsozialistische Rassenhygienecode: de is deprecated , "Higenitas rasikal Sosialis Nasional") adalah kebijakan sosial berbasis ras Jerman Nazi yang menempatkan penjunjungan biologis ras Arya atau "Übermenschen" Jermanik sebagai ras unggul melalui eugenika pada keutamaan ideologi Nazi.^[1] Di Jerman, euigenika banyak dikenal dengan istilah sinonim higenitas rasial. Setelah Perang Dunia Kedua, pemakaian kedua istilah tersebut ditinggalkan dan digantikan dengan istilah Humangenetik (genetik manusia).

Referensi sunting

Catatan

^ Peter Longerich (15 April 2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford University Press. hlm. 30. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5.

Daftar pustaka

Buku

Aly, G. (1994). Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygiene. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-4824-5
Baer, E. et al. (2003). Experience and Expression: Women, the Nazis, and the Holocaust. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3063-0
Baumslag, N. (2005). Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and Typhus. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98312-9
Biesold, H. (1999). Crying Hands: Eugenics and Deaf People in Nazi Germany. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. ISBN 1-56368-255-9
Burleigh, M. (1991). The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39802-9
Burleigh, M. (1994). Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c.1900 to 1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41613-2
Caplan, A. (1992). When Medicine Went Mad: Bioethics and the Holocaust^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press. ISBN 0-89603-235-3
Ehrenreich, Eric. The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science, and the Final Solution Diarsipkan 2010-06-16 di Wayback Machine.. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-253-34945-3
Evans, Suzanne E., Forgotten Crimes: The Holocaust and People with Disabilities^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2004. ISBN 1-56663-565-9
Friedlander, H. (1995). The Origins of Nazi Genocide. From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2208-6
Gallagher, G. (1995). By Trust Betrayed: Patients, Physicians, and the License to Kill in the Third Reich. Arlington, Virginia: Vandamere Press. ISBN 0-918339-36-7
Glass, J. (1999). Life Unworthy of Life: Racial Phobia and Mass Murder in Hitler's Germany^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]} Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-09846-0
Kater, M. (1989). Doctors Under Hitler. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-1842-9
Kuhl, S. (2002). The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514978-5
Kuntz, D. (2006). Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2916-1
Lifton, R. (1986). THE NAZI DOCTORS: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-04905-2
McFarland-Icke, B. (1999). Nurses in Nazi Germany: Moral Choice in History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00665-2
Müller-Hill, B. (1998). Murderous Science: Elimination by Scientific Selection of Jews, Gypsies, and Others in Germany, 1933-1945. Plainview, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 0-87969-531-5
Nicosia, F. et al. (2002). Medicine and Medical Ethics in Nazi Germany: Origins, Practices, Legacies. Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-387-X
Proctor, R. (2003). Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-74578-7
Ryan, Donna F., et al. (2002). Deaf People in Hitler's Europe. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press, ISBN 1-56368-132-3
Schafft, G. (2004). From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology in the Third Reich. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02930-5
Spitz, V. (2005). Doctors from Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans. Sentient Publications. ISBN 1-59181-032-9
Snyder, S. & D. Mitchell. (2006). Cultural Locations of Disability. University of Michigan Press.
Weindling, P.J. (2005). Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials: From Medical War Crimes to Informed Consent. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-3911-X
Weindling, P.J. (1989). Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42397-X

Artikel akademik

Bachrach, S. (2004). "In the name of public health — Nazi racial hygiene". New England Journal of Medicine. 351 (5): 417–420. doi:10.1056/nejmp048136. PMID 15282346.
Biddiss, M. (Jun 1997). "Disease and dictatorship: the case of Hitler's Reich". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 90 (6): 342–6. doi:10.1177/014107689709000616. PMC 1296317  . PMID 9227388.
Cranach, M. (2003). "The killing of psychiatric patients in Nazi Germany between 1939-1945". The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences. 40 (1): 8–18. PMID 12817666.
Lerner, B. (May 1995). "Medicine and the Holocaust: Learning More of the Lessons". Annals of Internal Medicine. 122 (10): 793–794. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-10-199505150-00010.
Knittel, Suzanne., ""Remembering Euthanasia: Grafeneck in the Past, Present, and Future", B. Niven & C. Paver [eds.]. Memorialization in Germany Since 1945. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2010: 124-133, ISBN 978-0230207035, 30.
Martin III, Matthew D., "The Dysfunctional Progeny of Eugenics: Autonomy Gone AWOL Diarsipkan 2009-03-05 di Wayback Machine.", Cardozo Journal of International Law, Vol. 15, No. 2, Fall 2007, pp. 371–421, ISSN 1069-3181.
O'Mathúna, D. (Mar 2006). "Human dignity in the Nazi era: implications for contemporary bioethics". BMC Medical Ethics. 7 (1): E2. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-7-2. PMC 1484488  . PMID 16536874.
Sofair, A. (Feb 2000). "Eugenic sterilization and a qualified Nazi analogy: the United States and Germany, 1930-1945". Annals of Internal Medicine. 132 (4): 312–9. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00010. PMID 10681287.
Strous, R. D. (2006). "Nazi Euthanasia of the Mentally Ill at Hadamar". American Journal of Psychiatry January 2006; 163: 27.
Weigmann, K. (2001). "The role of biologists in Nazi atrocities: lessons for today's scientists". EMBO Reports. 2 (10): 871–875. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve217. PMC 1084095  . PMID 11600445.
"Eugenical Sterilization in Germany" Eugenical News 1933, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; vol.18:5.

Video

Burleigh, M. (1991). Selling Murder: The Killing Films of the Third Reich. London: Domino Films.
Michalczyk, J.J. (1997). Nazi Medicine: In The Shadow Of The Reich. New York: First-Run Features.

Pranala luar sunting

Rujukan umum

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

[Longerich2010-1] Peter Longerich (15 April 2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford University Press. hlm. 30. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5.

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