Cetotherium
| Cetotherium | |
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| Rangka Cetotherium riabinini yang dipasang | |
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| Genus: | Cetotherium |
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†C. crassangulum Cope 1895 | |
Cetotherium ("whale beast") adalah genus dari Cetacea dalam famili Cetotheriidae.[2]
Taksonomi sunting
The family Cetotheriidae and the genus Cetotherium (sensu lato) have been used as wastebaskets for all kinds of baleen whales, most notably by Brandt 1873, Spassky (1954) and Mčedlidze 1970. Based on more recent phylogenetic studies and revisions of many 19th century genera, much smaller monophyletic Cetotheriidae and Cetotherium sensu stricto is limited to a single or only a few species. For example, Gol'din, Startsev & Krakhmalnaya 2013 included only C. rathkii and C. riabinini in the genus and only ten genera in the family.[3]
Cetotheriidae were thought to have gone extinct during the Pliocene until 2012, when it was hypothesized that the Pygmy right whale was the sole surviving species of this family.[4]
Sebelumnya dikelompokkan dalam Cetotherium sunting
The following species were originally described as nominal species of Cetotherium but have been either reassigned to other genera or removed from Cetotherium:
- Cetotherium furlongi Kellogg, 1925,[5] is known from a partial skull from the Burdigalian of the Vaqueros Formation in California, but the holotype is lost.[6]
- Cetotherium gastaldii Strobel, 1875,[7] known from the early Pliocene-age Sabbie d'Asti Formation of the Piedmont region in Italy, is now the type species of the eschrichtiid genus Eschrichtioides.[8]
- Cetotherium klinderi Brandt, 1871,[9] is known from an isolated earbone from Miocene sediments in Chişinău, Moldova. Although fragmentary, it does not appear to be congeneric with either of the two valid species of Cetotherium.[3]
- Cetotherium maicopicum Spasski, 1951,[10] based on a specimen from the late Miocene of the Russian Caucasus, has been reassigned to the genus Kurdalagonus from the same region.[11]
- Cetotherium mayeri Brandt, 1871,[9] known from a partial skeleton, is apparently not congeneric with Cetotherium.[3]
Evolusi sunting
Cetotheres came into existence during the Oligocene epoch. The cetotheres have been divided into two sub-groups. One group includes Cetotherium. From evolutionary perspective, these whales share some characteristics of the Balaenopteridae and Eschrichtiidae.[12]
Paleobiologi sunting
Fossil record have revealed predator-prey relationship between large sharks (e.g. C. megalodon) and Cetotheriids. The raptorial toothed whale, Livyatan melvillei, may too have posed a threat to these whales.
Referensi sunting
Catatan sunting
- ^ "Classification of the family Cetotheriidae". Fossilwork. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-03. Diakses tanggal December 2013.
- ^ Berta & Deméré 2008
- ^ a b c Gol'din, Startsev & Krakhmalnaya 2013, hlm. 2, 4–6
- ^ Fordyce, R. E.; Marx, F. G. (2013). "The pygmy right whale Caperea marginata: the last of the cetotheres". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1753): 1–6. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2645.
- ^ R. Kellogg. 1925.
- ^ Kimura, T.; Hasegawa, Y. (2010). "A new baleen whale (Mysticeti: Cetotheriidae) from the earliest Late Miocene of Japan and a reconsideration of the phylogeny of Cetotheres". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 577–591. doi:10.1080/02724631003621912.
- ^ Strobel, P. (1875).
- ^ Bisconti, M. (2008).
- ^ a b Brandt, J. F. 1871.
- ^ P. I. Spasski. 1951.
- ^ K. K. Tarasenko and A. V. Lopatin. 2012.
- ^ Kimura & Ozawa 2002
Sumber sunting
- Barry Cox, Colin Harrison, R.J.G. Savage, and Brian Gardiner. (1999): The Simon & Schuster Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures: A Visual Who's Who of Prehistoric Life. Simon & Schuster.
- Berta, Annalisa; Deméré, Thomas (2008). "Mysticetes, Evolution" (PDF). Dalam Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. hlm. 751–752. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.
- Brandt, J. F. (1843). "De Cetotherio, novo Balaenarum familiae genere in Rossia meridionali ante aliquot annos effesso". Bulletin de la classe physico-mathématique de l'Académie impériale des sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg (dalam bahasa French). 1 (10–12). Diakses tanggal November 2013. Ringkasan (November 2013).
- Brandt, J. F. (1872). "Über eine neue Classification der Bartenwhale (Balaenoidea) mit Berücksichtigung der untergegangenen Gattungen derselben". Bulletin de L'Académie imperiale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. 3 (dalam bahasa German). 17. Diakses tanggal November 2013. Ringkasan (November 2013).
- Brandt, J. F. (1873). "Untersuchungen über die fossilen und subfossilen Cetaceen Europa's". Mémoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg. 7. 20 (1): 1–372. Diakses tanggal December 2013. Ringkasan (December 2013).
- Gol'din, P.; Startsev, D.; Krakhmalnaya, T. (2013). "The anatomy of Cetotherium riabinini Hofstein, 1948, a baleen whale from the late Miocene of Ukraine". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. In press. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0107.
- Kimura, Toshiyuki; Ozawa, Tomowo (2002). "New Cetothere (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Miocene Chichibumachi Group, Japan". Bulletin of the Saitama Museum of Natural History. 22 (3): 684–702. JSTOR 4524259.
- Mčedlidze, G. A. (1970). Some General Characteristics of the Evolution of Cetaceans, Part 1 (PDF) (dalam bahasa Russian and English translation by Dorothy B. Vitaliano). Tbilisi: Akademia Nauk Gruzinskoi S.S.R. Institut Paleobiologii. OCLC 663053619. Diakses tanggal December 2013. Ringkasan (December 2013).