Beeldenstorm
Beeldenstorm dalam bahasa Belanda (artinya kira-kira "badai patung"), dan Bildersturm dalam bahasa Jerman ("badai gambar/patung") adalah istilah yang dipakai untuk perebakan penghancuran gambar-gambar relijius yang terjadi di Eropa pada abad ke-16, yang disebut dalam bahasa Inggris sebaga Great Iconoclasm atau Iconoclastic Fury. Pada masa ikonoklasme tersebut, seni rupa Katolik dan sebagian besar bentuk bangunan dan hiasan gereja dihancurkan secara tak resmi atau oleh aksi perusuh dari kelompok Protestan Calvinis sebagai bagian dari Reformasi Protestan.[2][3]
_in_Antwerpen_1566_Frans_Hogenberg.jpg)
Catatan sunting
- ^ analysed in Arnade, 146 (quoted); see also Art through time Diarsipkan 2016-03-03 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaMarshall2009 - ^ Byfield, Ted (2002). A Century of Giants, A.D. 1500 to 1600: In an Age of Spiritual Genius, Western Christendom Shatters (dalam bahasa English). Christian History Project. hlm. 297. ISBN 9780968987391.
Devoutly Catholic but opposed to Inquisition tactics, they backed William of Orange in subduing the Calvinist uprising of the Dutch beeldenstorm on behalf of regent Margaret of Parma, and had come willingly to the council at her invitation.
Lihat juga sunting
Referensi sunting
- Arnade, Peter J., Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic Patriots: the Political Culture of the Dutch Revolt, Cornell University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-8014-7496-5, ISBN 978-0-8014-7496-5
- Charney, Noah, Stealing the Mystic Lamb: The True Story of the World's Most Coveted Masterpiece, PublicAffairs, 2010, ISBN 1-58648-800-7, ISBN 978-1-58648-800-0
- Eire, Carlos M.N., War Against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship from Erasmus to Calvin, Cambridge University Press, 1989, ISBN 0-521-37984-9, ISBN 978-0-521-37984-7
- Elliott, J.H., Europe divided, 1559–1598, many edns, pages refs from Blackwell classic histories of Europe, Wiley-Blackwell, 2nd edn. 2000 (1st edn 1968), ISBN 0-631-21780-0, ISBN 978-0-631-21780-0
- David Freedberg, "Painting and the Counter-Reformation", from the catalogue to The Age of Rubens, 1993, Boston/Toledo, Ohio, online PDF
- Lesger, Clé, The rise of the Amsterdam market and information exchange: merchants, commercial expansion and change in the spatial economy of the Low Countries, c. 1550–1630, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, ISBN 0-7546-5220-3, ISBN 978-0-7546-5220-5
- Miola, Robert S., Early modern Catholicism: an anthology of primary sources, Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-19-925985-2, ISBN 978-0-19-925985-4
- Montias, John Michael. Vermeer and His Milieu: A Web of Social History, Princeton University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-691-00289-4, ISBN 978-0-691-00289-7
- Petegree, Andrew. Emden and the Dutch revolt: exile and the development of reformed Protestantism, Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-19-822739-6, ISBN 978-0-19-822739-7
- Ramsay, George Daniel, The Queen's merchants and the revolt of the Netherlands: the end of the Antwerp mart, Part 2 of The end of the Antwerp mart, Manchester University Press ND, 1986, ISBN 0-7190-1849-8, ISBN 978-0-7190-1849-7
- Spicer, Calvinist churches in early modern Europe, Manchester University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-7190-5487-7, ISBN 978-0-7190-5487-7
- Vlieghe, H., Flemish art and architecture, 1585–1700. Yale University Press Pelican history of art, 1998, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-07038-1
- Wagner, Roger, "Art and Faith", Ch. 10 in: Harries, Richard and Brierley, Michael W. (eds), Public life and the place of the church: reflections to honour the Bishop of Oxford, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, 2006, ISBN 0-7546-5301-3, ISBN 978-0-7546-5301-1
- Wells, Guy, William of Orange and the Princely Virtues, in Mack, Phyllis and Jacob, Margaret C. (eds), Politics and Culture in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honour of H. G. Koenigsberger, Cambridge University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-521-52702-3, ISBN 978-0-521-52702-6
Bacaan tambahan sunting
- Freedberg, David, Iconoclasm and painting in the revolt of the Netherlands, 1566–1609, 1988, Garland, ISBN 978-0-8240-0087-5