Pertempuran Winwaed
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Pertempuran Winwaed (Bahasa Wales: Maes Gai; Bahasa Latin Abad Pertengahan: Strages Gai Campi[1]) merupakan sebuah konflik yang berlangsung pada tanggal 15 November 655[notes 1] antara Raja Penda dari Mercia dan Oswiu dari Bernicia, yang berakhir dengan kekalahan Mercia dan kematian Penda.[6] Pertempuran tersebut menandai kematian efektif paganisme Anglo-Saxon.
| Pertempuran Winwaed | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Jendela Kaca patri dari klausura Katedral Worcester menunjukkan kematian Penda dari Mercia | |||||||
| |||||||
| Pihak terlibat | |||||||
| Kerajaan Northumbria Bernicia |
Kerajaan Merica Kerajaan Anglia Timur | ||||||
| Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||
| Raja Oswiu dari Bernicia |
Raja Penda dari Mercia † Raja Aethelhere † | ||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||
| 800 pasukan Bernicia |
1,400 pasukan Mercia 800 pasukan Anglia Timur | ||||||
| Korban | |||||||
| 500 tewas | 450 tewas, 500 tenggelam | ||||||
Catatan sunting
- ^ Manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives the year as 655. Bede also gives the year as 655 and specifies a date, 15 November. R. L. Poole (Studies in Chronology and History, 1934) put forward the theory that Bede began his year in September, and consequently November 655 would actually fall in 654; Frank Stenton also dated events accordingly in his Anglo-Saxon England (1943).[2] Others have accepted Bede's given dates as meaning what they appear to mean, considering Bede's year to have begun on 25 December or 1 January.[3] The historian D. P. Kirby suggested the year 656 as a possibility, alongside 655, in case the dates given by Bede are off by one year.[4] The Annales Cambriae gives the year as 657.[5]
Referensi sunting
- ^ Annales Cambriae [B], p. 8.
- ^ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, translated and edited by M. J. Swanton (1996), paperback, ISBN 0-415-92129-5.
- ^ S. Wood, "Bede's Northumbrian dates again", The English Historical Review, Vol. 98, No. 387, April 1983, pages 280–296
- ^ D. P. Kirby, "Bede and Northumbrian Chronology", The English Historical Review, Vol. 78, No. 308, July 1963, pages 514–27
- ^ Annales Cambriae at Fordham University
- ^ Selwood, Dominic (15 November 2016). "On this day: Britain's last great pagan king is struck down by Christians at the Battle of the Winwaed". The Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2017. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).
Bacaan selanjutnya sunting
- Breeze, Andrew (2004), "The Battle of the Uinued and the River Went, Yorkshire", Northern History, 41 (2): 377–383, doi:10.1179/nhi.2004.41.2.377