Pertempuran Chelsea Creek

Pertempuran Chelsea Creek
	Bagian dari Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat
	; Peta lokasi pertempuran. Chelsea Creek memisahkan kepulauan dari Chelsea di daratan sebelah utara. Sekunar Diana tampak sebagai kapal berlabel "16" yang terbakar. Kapal tersebut sedang berada di Chelsea Creek ketika pertempuran terjadi dan tidak pernah ada di lokasi dalam gambar ini. Kapal ini terbakar di sebelah utara kapal "Ferry Boat".
Tanggal	27–28 Mei 1775
Lokasi	Suffolk County, Massachusetts; 42°22′54.77″N 71°1′55.27″W / 42.3818806°N 71.0320194°WKoordinat: 42°22′54.77″N 71°1′55.27″W / 42.3818806°N 71.0320194°W
Hasil	Kemenangan Koloni
Pihak terlibat
Britania Raya	Koloni Serikat
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Samuel Graves; Thomas Graves	John Stark; Israel Putnam
Kekuatan
Ratusan Marinir Kerajaan (Samuel Graves). 30 di kapal Diana (Thomas Graves; perkiraan kasar).	300–600 pasukan awal ke Hog Island (Stark). 300 bantuan tambahan selama pertempuran (Putnam; perkiraan kasar)..
Korban
2 tewas,; beberapa orang terluka,; Sekunar bersenjata Diana hancur	4 terluka

Pertempuran Chelsea Creek adalah pertempuran militer kedua dalam kampanye Boston pada Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat. Pertempuran ini juga dikenal sebagai Pertempuran Noddle's Island, Pertempuran Hog Island, dan Pertempuran Chelsea Estuary. Pertempuran ini terjadi pada 27-28 Mei 1775 di Chelsea Creek serta rawa asin, dataran lumpur, dan pulau-pulau di Boston Harbor, di sebelah timur laut semenanjung Boston.^[6] Sebagian besar wilayah tersebut sudah bersatu dengan daratan melalui reklamasi tanah dan sekarang menjadi bagian dari East Boston, Chelsea, Winthrop, dan Revere.

Para kolonis Britania berhasil memperkuat pengepungan Boston dengan memindahkan ternak dan jerami di pulau-pulau tersebut dari jangkauan tentara reguler Britania. Kapal sekunar bersenjata Diana milik Britania juga dihancurkan dan senjatanya dirampas oleh pihak Kolonial. Ini merupakan penaklukan laut pertama sepanjang perang ini, sekaligus dorongan moral yang kuat bagi pasukan Kolonial.

Catatan kaki sunting

^ Most sources are either vague or incomplete on the number of British forces involved. This is due at least in part to the evolving nature of the action, and also the relatively minor nature of the action.
^ Sources vary considerably on the number of colonial forces involved. Stark led about 300 men from his regiment on the expedition; they were joined by "local militia" from Chelsea and other communities that sources do not enumerate. Supporting forces counts under Putnam vary from 200 to 1000.
^ Beatson, p. 73
^ A Documentary History of Chelsea, p. 439
^ Frothingham, p. 110
^ Pada tahun 1775, tidak seperti hari ini, Boston adalah sebuah semenanjung. Reklamasi di sekitar semenanjung dilakukan pada abad ke-19. Lihat sejarah Boston untuk kelanjutannya.

Referensi sunting

Beatson, Robert;Lygon Beauchamp, William (1804). Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783. 4. Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. ISBN 978-0-8398-0189-4.
Callo, Joseph F (2006). John Paul Jones: America's First Sea Warrior. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-102-0.
Chamberlain, Mellen; Watts, Jenny C.; Cutter, William, R.; Massachusetts Historical Society (1908). A Documentary History of Chelsea: Including the Boston Precincts of Winnisimmet, Rumney Marsh, and Pullen Point 1624-1824 Volume II. University Press. OCLC 1172330.
French, Allen (1911). The Siege of Boston. McMillan. OCLC 3927532.
Frothingham, Jr, Richard (1851). History of the Siege of Boston and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. Little and Brown. OCLC 221368703.
Kales, David (2004). The Phantom Pirate: Tales of the Irish Mafia and the Boston Harbor Islands. AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4184-5998-7.
Ketchum, Richard M (1999). Decisive Day: The Battle for Bunker Hill. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-8050-6099-7.
LeBlanc, Steve (July 20, 2009). "In Chelsea, hunt is on for remains of lost Revolutionary War ship". Associated Press/Boston.com. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-20.
McKay, Robert D (1928). The Battle of Chelsea Creek: An account of the second engagement of the American Revolution, May 27, 1775. Chelsea Evening Record.
Morrissey, Brendan (1995). Boston 1775: The Shot Heard Around the World. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-362-9.
Nelson, James L (2008). George Washington's Secret Navy: How the American Revolution Went to Sea. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-149389-5.
Sons of the American Revolution Massachusetts society, Old Suffolk chapter (1901). Register of Old Suffolk Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, 1900 ... Chelsea, Revere and Winthrop, Massachusetts: Chelsea, Revere and Winthrop, Massachusetts. W. Spooner.
Seasholes, Karen (2003). Gaining Ground. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-19494-5.
Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet (1871). A Topographical and Historical Description of Boston. Boston City Council.

Bacaan lanjutan sunting

The above-cited Documentary History of Chelsea, in addition to the analysis and recounting of this action based on reliable accounts, contains in an appendix a variety of first-person accounts that vary considerably in their quality and reliability.
Henry Harrison Metcalf, John Norris McClintock (eds), Oris Grant Hammond (compiler) (1918). The Granite State Monthly, volumes 50-51 (1918-1919). Granite Monthly Co. This bound periodical contains an account of the action.

[1] Most sources are either vague or incomplete on the number of British forces involved. This is due at least in part to the evolving nature of the action, and also the relatively minor nature of the action.

[2] Sources vary considerably on the number of colonial forces involved. Stark led about 300 men from his regiment on the expedition; they were joined by "local militia" from Chelsea and other communities that sources do not enumerate. Supporting forces counts under Putnam vary from 200 to 1000.

[Beatson73-3] Beatson, p. 73

[MHS439-4] A Documentary History of Chelsea, p. 439

[Frothingham110-5] Frothingham, p. 110

[6] Pada tahun 1775, tidak seperti hari ini, Boston adalah sebuah semenanjung. Reklamasi di sekitar semenanjung dilakukan pada abad ke-19. Lihat sejarah Boston untuk kelanjutannya.

[6]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]