Marzban
Marzbān, atau Marzpān[1] (Bahasa Persia Pertengahan transliterasi: mrzwpn, dari kata marz "perbatasan,batas" dan akhiran -pān "penjaga"; Bahasa Persia Modern: مرزبان Marzbān) adalah Margrave, pemimpin di kawasan perbatasan, dan perpanjangan tangan komandan militer yang lebih tinggi,[2] yang bertugas untuk menjaga perbatasan provinsi-provinsi pada era Kekaisaran Parthia (247 SM–224 M) dan Kekaisaran Sasaniyah (224–651 M) di Iran.
Referensi sunting
- ^ Hoyland 2011, hlm. 46.
- ^ Pourshariati 2008, hlm. 503.
Bibliografi sunting
- Frye, Richard N (1984), The History of Ancient Iran, C.H.Beck, ISBN 9783406093975
- Zakeri, Mohsen (1995), Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 9783447036528
- Nicolle, David (1996), Sassanian Armies: the Iranian Empire Early 3rd to Mid-7th Centuries AD, Stockport: Montvert, ISBN 978-1-874101-08-6
- Wiesehöfer, Josef (2001), Ancient Persia, I.B. Tauris, ISBN 9781860646751
- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008), Decline and fall of the Sasanian empire: the Sasanian-Parthian confederacy and the Arab conquest of Iran, I.B. Tauris in association with the Iran Heritage Foundation, ISBN 9781845116453
- Hoyland, Robert G. (2011), Theophilus of Edessa's Chronicle and the Circulation of Historical Knowledge in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, Liverpool University Press, ISBN 9781846316975
- Farrokh, Kaveh; McBride, Angus (2012), Sassanian Elite Cavalry AD 224-642, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 9781782008484, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04
- Briant, Pierre (2015), Darius in the Shadow of Alexander, Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674745209
- Gyselen, Rika (20 July 2004). "Spāhbed". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2015.
Bacaan lanjut sunting
- Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2005), The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 363-628, Routledge, ISBN 9781134756469